Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 80

Devanagari script

ततो भीताः सुराः सर्वे सस्पर्धैर्मानुषैर्वृताः । प्रोचुः पुरंदरं गत्वा व्यथया प्रया युताः

Transliteration

tato bhītāḥ surāḥ sarve saspardhairmānuṣairvṛtāḥ | procuḥ puraṃdaraṃ gatvā vyathayā prayā yutāḥ

Translation

ครั้นแล้วเหล่าเทวะทั้งปวงหวาดหวั่น ถูกมนุษย์ผู้เต็มด้วยการชิงดีชิงเด่นห้อมล้อม จึงไปเฝ้าปุรันทร (อินทรา) และกราบทูลความทุกข์ด้วยใจร้อนรน

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय/तद्-प्रातिपदिकात्)
• Form: अव्यय; तस्मात्-अर्थे (then/thereupon)

• भीताः: afraid
• भीताः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भी (धातु) → bhīta (क्त-कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (frightened)

• सुराः: gods
• सुराः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विशेषण

• स-स्पर्धैः: with rivalry
• स-स्पर्धैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थ) + spardha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; सह-सम्बन्धे (with rivalry/competitive)

• मानुषैः: by humans
• मानुषैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mānuṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन

• वृताः: surrounded
• वृताः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृ (धातु) → vṛta (क्त-कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (surrounded)

• प्रोचुः: said/spoke
• प्रोचुः: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र+वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• पुरन्दरम्: Purandara (Indra)
• पुरन्दरम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: purandara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; इन्द्र-नाम

• गत्वा: having gone
• गत्वा: Kriya (Conjunctive action/क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: गम् (धातु) → gatvā (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय, अव्ययभाव-कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund); पूर्वक्रिया (having gone)

• व्यथया: with distress
• व्यथया: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyathā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन

• प्रया: with effort/strain
• प्रया: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prayā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; (पाठभेद/अर्थ: प्रयत्न/प्रयास)

• युताः: endowed (with)
• युताः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युज् (धातु) → yuta (क्त-कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (endowed/combined)

Speaker

Skanda (deduced)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra (implied)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A host of devas, alarmed, surrounded by assertive humans; they fly to Indra’s jeweled hall and speak with troubled faces.

Characters & Entities

• Suras (Devas)
• Purandara (Indra)
• Humans (Mānuṣas)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Extraordinary tīrtha-merit can invert worldly hierarchies, prompting devas to seek counsel when dharma-balance seems threatened.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The surrounding passage points to the Hāṭakeśvara/Gautameśvara sacred region whose merit empowers visitors.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

No direct ritual is prescribed; the verse sets narrative context (devas approaching Indra).