Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 78

Devanagari script

पत्नीवर्गे मृता ये वै मित्रवर्गे च ये मृताः । ते सर्वे तृप्तिमायांति तर्पिता वार्षभध्वजे

Transliteration

patnīvarge mṛtā ye vai mitravarge ca ye mṛtāḥ | te sarve tṛptimāyāṃti tarpitā vārṣabhadhvaje

Translation

ผู้ที่ตายในหมู่ญาติฝ่ายคู่ครอง และผู้ที่ตายในหมู่มิตรสหาย—เมื่อทำตัรปณะให้ ณ วารษภธวชะ (Vārṣabhadhvaja) แล้ว ทุกคนย่อมบรรลุความอิ่มเอิบ

Word by Word

• पत्नीवर्गे: in the group of wives
• पत्नीवर्गे: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्नीवर्ग (प्रातिपदिक; पत्नी + वर्ग)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Locative singular

• मृताः: dead
• मृताः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मृत (कृदन्त; मृ धातु, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; PPP

• ये: who
• ये: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Relative pronoun

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात

• मित्रवर्गे: in the group of friends
• मित्रवर्गे: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्रवर्ग (प्रातिपदिक; मित्र + वर्ग)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Locative singular

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-बोधक

• ये: who
• ये: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• मृताः: dead
• मृताः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मृत (कृदन्त; मृ धातु, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; PPP

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; qualifying ते

• तृप्तिम्: satisfaction
• तृप्तिम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तृप्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular

• आयान्ति: they attain, come to
• आयान्ति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + या (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; Present indicative, 3rd plural

• तर्पिताः: having been satisfied/propitiated
• तर्पिताः: Karta (Subject complement/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तर्पित (कृदन्त; तृप्/तर्प् धातु, णिच् + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; PPP; predicate adjective to ते

• वार्षभध्वजे: at/with Vārṣabhadhvaja (Śiva, whose banner is the bull)
• वार्षभध्वजे: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वार्षभध्वज (प्रातिपदिक; वृषभ + ध्वज)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘यस्य ध्वजः वृषभः सः’ (epithet of Śiva); Locative singular

Speaker

Skanda (deduced: Kāśīkhaṇḍa commonly Skanda speaking to Agastya)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Vārṣabhadhvaja

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: At a small Śiva shrine marked by Nandin and a bull-banner emblem, a devotee offers water-libations; behind, symbolic figures of spouse’s kin and friends receive calm satisfaction.

Characters & Entities

• Skanda
• Vārṣabhadhvaja
• Tarpaṇa
• Kāśī (Vārāṇasī)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Gratitude and obligation extend beyond bloodline; Kāśī’s rites can honor wider human bonds through tarpaṇa.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Vārṣabhadhvaja.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Tarpaṇa at Vārṣabhadhvaja for departed relatives by marriage and departed friends.