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Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 41

Devanagari script

त्वमेव सर्वं त्वयि देव सर्वं स्तोता स्तुतिः स्तव्य इह त्वमेव । ईश त्वयाऽवास्यमिदं हि सर्वं नमोस्तु भूयोपि नमो नमस्ते

Transliteration

tvameva sarvaṃ tvayi deva sarvaṃ stotā stutiḥ stavya iha tvameva | īśa tvayā'vāsyamidaṃ hi sarvaṃ namostu bhūyopi namo namaste

Translation

พระองค์เท่านั้นคือสรรพสิ่ง; ข้าแต่เทพเจ้า สรรพสิ่งทั้งปวงดำรงอยู่ในพระองค์. ณ ที่นี้ พระองค์เองคือผู้สรรเสริญ คือบทสรรเสริญ และคือผู้ควรสรรเสริญ. ข้าแต่พระอีศวร โลกทั้งมวลนี้ถูกแผ่ซ่านและห่มคลุมด้วยพระองค์. ขอนอบน้อม—นอบน้อมแล้วนอบน้อมอีก นะโม นะมะสเต

Word by Word
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
एवindeed/alone
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चय/अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
सर्वम्all/everything
सर्वम्:
Karma/Predicate (Object or complement)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; समस्त-वाचक
त्वयिin you
त्वयि:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
देवO god
देव:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Karta/Predicate (Subject or complement)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
स्तोताthe praiser
स्तोता:
Karta (Predicate noun)
TypeNoun
Rootस्तोतृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
स्तुतिःpraise
स्तुतिः:
Karta (Predicate noun)
TypeNoun
Rootस्तुति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
स्तव्यःworthy to be praised
स्तव्यः:
Karta (Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्तु (धातु) + स्तव्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive/ought-to-be-praised), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (to त्वम्)
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
एवalone/indeed
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
ईशO Lord
ईश:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootईश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
आवास्यम्to be inhabited/pervaded
आवास्यम्:
Karma/Predicate (complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootवस् (धातु) + आवास्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formणीयत्/यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive: to be dwelt in/covered), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (to इदम्)
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma/Predicate (that which is pervaded)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
हिindeed/for
हि:
Sambandha (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle; emphasis/causal)
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Karta/Predicate (apposition to इदम्)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
नमःsalutation
नमः:
Kriya (Salutation act)
TypeNoun
Rootनमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोग (interjection-like)
अस्तुlet it be
अस्तु:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative/benedictive sense), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
भूयःagain
भूयः:
Sambandha (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूयस् (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाववत्)
Formकाल/पुनरावृत्ति-वाचक अव्यय (adverb: again)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अन्वय-अव्यय (particle: also/even)
नमःsalutation
नमः:
Kriya (Salutation act)
TypeNoun
Rootनमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; निपातवत्
नमःsalutation
नमः:
Kriya (Salutation act)
TypeNoun
Rootनमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; निपातवत्
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formचतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
Speaker

Devas (gods), concluding the hymn

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kāśī

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Ṛṣis / audience of Kāśī-māhātmya

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Devas chant a unified-pervasion hymn; the world appears as a garment of the Lord—rivers, ghats, temples, beings all within a single divine aura; repeated namas forms a rhythmic visual cadence.

Characters & Entities
Ī
Īśa (Lord)
J
Jagat (world)

FAQs

All roles and realities—devotee, devotion, and Deity—ultimately rest in the One Lord who pervades everything.

Within the Kāśī-khaṇḍa frame, such all-pervading divinity is especially celebrated as ever-present in Kāśī (Vārāṇasī), though this verse is universally applicable.

Repeated salutation and praise (namas, stuti) are implied as devotional practice.

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