उपतापयते देवान्धूमकेतुरिवोच्छ्रितः । तेन देवगणाः सर्वे दुःखिता दानवेन च
upatāpayate devāndhūmaketurivocchritaḥ | tena devagaṇāḥ sarve duḥkhitā dānavena ca
เขาสูงตระหง่านดุจดาวหางเพลิง เผาผลาญเหล่าเทวะให้เร่าร้อน ด้วยอสูรนั้นหมู่เทวาทั้งปวงจึงตกอยู่ในความทุกข์
Vācaspati
Tirtha: Revā-khaṇḍa tīrtha-frame (implicit)
Type: kshetra
Scene: A towering dānava rises like a flaming comet, casting heat and smoke; devas recoil in anguish, their radiance dimmed, the sky streaked with fiery trails.
Unchecked power without dharma becomes suffering for the world; oppression inevitably drives beings to seek righteous protection.
Not directly named in this verse; it serves as narrative context within the Revā (Narmadā) Māhātmya frame.
None; the verse describes the devas’ affliction.