Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 21

Devanagari script

तपश्चचार सुमहद्दिव्यं वर्षशतं किल । ततस्तुष्टो महादेवः साक्षात्परपुरंजयः

Transliteration

tapaścacāra sumahaddivyaṃ varṣaśataṃ kila | tatastuṣṭo mahādevaḥ sākṣātparapuraṃjayaḥ

Translation

เขาประกอบตบะอันยิ่งใหญ่และเป็นทิพย์ตลอดหนึ่งร้อยปีทิพย์ ครั้นแล้วมหาเทวะ—ผู้พิชิตนครของศัตรูโดยตรง—ก็ทรงพอพระทัย

Word by Word

• तपः: austerity/penance
• तपः: Karman (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• चचार: performed/practised
• चचार: Kriyā (Main action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• सुमहत्: very great
• सुमहत्: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु + महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय

• दिव्यम्: divine
• दिव्यम्: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तपः विशेषयति

• वर्षशतम्: a hundred years
• वर्षशतम्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Duration/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष + शत (प्रातिपदिक); घटकौ: वर्षाणां शतम्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (measure)

• किल: indeed/it is said
• किल: Sambandha (discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किल (अव्यय)
• Form: श्रुत्यर्थक/प्रसिद्ध्यर्थक-निपात (particle: it is said/indeed)

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Temporal/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तरवाचक-अव्यय (then/thereafter)

• तुष्टः: pleased
• तुष्टः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तुष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘pleased/satisfied’

• महादेवः: Mahādeva (Śiva)
• महादेवः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + देव (प्रातिपदिक); घटकौ: महान् देवः
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय

• साक्षात्: in person/directly
• साक्षात्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साक्षात् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): प्रत्यक्षतया (directly/in person)

• परपुरंजयः: conqueror of enemy cities
• परपुरंजयः: Samānādhikaraṇa (Apposition/समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर + पुर + जय (प्रातिपदिक); घटकौ: परेषां पुराणि जयति इति
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारयार्थे (epithet)

Speaker

Narrator (deduced: Sūta/Lomaharṣaṇa style narration within a Māhātmya frame)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Revā (Narmadā)

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Puruṣottama

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Aṅkūra in intense austerity for ‘hundred divine years’; then Mahādeva appears—majestic, ash-smeared, trident-bearing, radiant—conqueror of enemy cities, blessing the ascetic on the riverbank.

Characters & Entities

• Mahādeva (Śiva)
• Aṅkūra (implied)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Steadfast tapas ripens into Śiva’s grace; divine favor is portrayed as responsive to sincere discipline.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The tapas episode is situated in the Revā/Narmadā milieu of the Revā Khaṇḍa.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Extended tapas is described (duration: ‘hundred divine years’), without detailing a specific vrata procedure.