Mantra 14
Rishi: Śukla-Yajurvedic tradition (Īśāvāsya complex).
Devata: Adhyātma (integrative teaching).
Chandas: Didactic cadence; often treated as anuṣṭubh-like.
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वि॒द्यां चावि॑द्यां च॒ यस्तद्वेदो॒भय॑ᳪ स॒ह । अवि॑द्यया मृ॒त्युं ती॒र्त्वा वि॒द्यया॒ऽमृत॑मश्नुते ॥
Transliteration
vidyā́ṃ cā́vidyāṃ ca yás tád védóbhayaṃ sahá | avidyáyā mṛtyúṃ tīrtvā́ vidyáyā́’mṛ́tam aśnute ||
Translation
ผู้ใดรู้ทั้งวิทยา (vidyā) และอวิทยา (avidyā) พร้อมกัน—ด้วยอวิทยาย่อมข้ามพ้นความตาย; ด้วยวิทยาย่อมบรรลุอมฤตะ (amṛta) คือความไม่ตาย.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
विद्याम् । च । अविद्याम् । च । यः । तत् । वेद । उभयम् । सह । अविद्यया । मृत्युम् । तीर्त्वा । विद्यया । अमृतम् । अश्नुते ।
Word by Word
विद्याम्knowledge
विद्याम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या (प्रातिपदिक; √विद् ‘जानने’)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अविद्याम्ignorance
अविद्याम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअविद्या (प्रातिपदिक; a- + विद्या)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
तत्that
तत्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वेदknows
वेद:
—
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (वेद ‘जानाति’—परस्मैपद)
उभयम्both (together)
उभयम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootउभय (प्रातिपदिक)
सहtogether / jointly
सह:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
अविद्ययाby/through ignorance
अविद्यया:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootअविद्या (प्रातिपदिक)
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
तीर्त्वाhaving crossed over
तीर्त्वा:
—
TypeVerbal derivative
Root√तॄ (तॄ/तॄञ् ‘तरने’)
विद्ययाby/through knowledge
विद्यया:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या (प्रातिपदिक)
अमृतम्immortality
अमृतम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत (प्रातिपदिक)
अश्नुतेattains / enjoys
अश्नुते:
—
TypeVerb
Root√अश् (अश्नुते ‘प्राप्नोति/भुङ्क्ते’)
Entities Mentioned
A
Adhyātma (Inner Self / integrative teaching)M
Mṛtyu (Death)A
Amṛta (Immortality)Ritual Context
Viniyoga (Ritual Application)
Commentary Summary
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes