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Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 31

शिवस्य परापरब्रह्मस्वरूपनिर्णयः / Determination of Śiva as Higher and Lower Brahman

वाच्यमित्यपरे प्राहुरवाच्यमिति चापरे । शब्दात्मकं परे प्राहुश्शब्दातीतमथापरे

vācyamityapare prāhuravācyamiti cāpare | śabdātmakaṃ pare prāhuśśabdātītamathāpare

บางพวกกล่าวว่าพระองค์พึงกล่าวได้ด้วยวาจา แต่บางพวกกล่าวว่าพระองค์มิอาจพรรณนาได้ บางพวกอธิบายว่าพระองค์เป็นสภาวะแห่งศัพท (Śabda) และบางพวกกล่าวว่าพระองค์คือศิวะผู้เหนือพ้นเสียงทั้งปวง

vācyamexpressible
vācyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootvācya (प्रातिपदिक; √vac वच् (धातु) + ण्यत्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; ण्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त — “expressible / to be spoken”
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formइति-कारक अव्यय (quotative)
apareothers
apare:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootapara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन — “others”
prāhuḥsay
prāhuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√ah अह् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd/प्रथम), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्
avācyaminexpressible
avācyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roota-vācya (प्रातिपदिक; √vac वच् (धातु) + ण्यत्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक ण्यत्-कृदन्त — “inexpressible”
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formइति-कारक अव्यय (quotative)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-बोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
apareothers
apare:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootapara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन — “others”
śabda-ātmakamof the nature of sound
śabda-ātmakam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootśabda (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः) — “of the nature of sound/word”
pareothers
pare:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन — “others”
prāhuḥsay
prāhuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√ah अह् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd/प्रथम), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्
śabda-atītambeyond sound
śabda-atītam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootśabda (प्रातिपदिक) + atīta (कृदन्त; √i इ (धातु) + क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (उपपद-तत्पुरुषः) — “beyond sound/word”
athathen/further
atha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअनन्तर/प्रसङ्गवाचक अव्यय — “then/and further”
apareothers
apare:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootapara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन — “others”

Suta Goswami (narrating Shiva’s supreme nature to the sages of Naimisharanya in the Vayu Samhita’s philosophical discourse)

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Role: teaching

S
Shiva

FAQs

It reconciles two valid approaches: Shiva can be approached through doctrine and description (saguna for devotion and practice), yet His highest reality ultimately exceeds speech and conceptual grasp (nirguna, realized in direct yogic awareness).

Linga worship and mantra-based devotion operate in the realm of the “expressible” and “sound-nature” (śabda). Through these, the devotee’s mind is purified and led toward the realization of Shiva who is ultimately beyond all names, forms, and words.

Practice mantra-japa (especially Panchakshara, “Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) with steady contemplation: begin with sound and meaning, then rest the mind in silent absorption where Shiva is intuited as śabdātīta—beyond words.