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Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 48

श्रद्धामाहात्म्यं तथा देवीप्रश्नः

The Greatness of Śraddhā and Devī’s Question to Śiva

Devanagari script

तपः कर्म जपो ध्यानं ज्ञानं वेत्यनुपूर्वशः । पञ्चधा कथ्यते सद्भिस्तदेव भजनं पुनः । अन्यात्मविदितं बाह्यमस्मदभ्यर्चनादिकम् । तदेव तु स्वसंवेद्यमाभ्यंतरमुदाहृतम्

Transliteration

tapaḥ karma japo dhyānaṃ jñānaṃ vetyanupūrvaśaḥ | pañcadhā kathyate sadbhistadeva bhajanaṃ punaḥ | anyātmaviditaṃ bāhyamasmadabhyarcanādikam | tadeva tu svasaṃvedyamābhyaṃtaramudāhṛtam

Translation

ตบะ กรรม ญปะ (สวดภาวนา) ธยานะ (สมาธิภาวนา) และญาณ—บัณฑิตกล่าวตามลำดับว่าเป็นห้าประการ; และสิ่งนี้เองเรียกว่า ภชนะ (ภักติ). สิ่งที่ผู้อื่นรู้เห็นได้เป็นภายนอก เช่น การบูชาอรจนาและพิธีต่าง ๆ ของเรา; แต่ภักติที่ตนประจักษ์ในภายในโดยตรงนั้น เรียกว่า ภายใน.

Word by Word
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karma (कर्म) / enumeration item
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; abstract noun
कर्मritual action
कर्म:
Karma (कर्म) / enumeration item
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
जपःrecitation (japa)
जपः:
Karma (कर्म) / enumeration item
TypeNoun
Rootजप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन
ध्यानम्meditation
ध्यानम्:
Karma (कर्म) / enumeration item
TypeNoun
Rootध्यान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
Karma (कर्म) / enumeration item
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
वाor/and (enumerative)
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-निपात (particle of alternative)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formइत्यादि-समाप्त्यर्थक अव्यय (quotative/closure particle)
अनुपूर्वशःin due order, successively
अनुपूर्वशः:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनुपूर्वशस् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
पञ्चधाfivefold
पञ्चधा:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्चधा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (adverb of manner: ‘in five ways’)
कथ्यतेis said/declared
कथ्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकथ् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)
सद्भिःby the good (wise)
सद्भिः:
Karana (करण) / Agent-instrument in passive
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), बहुवचन; ‘good/true people’
तत्that
तत्:
Karta (कर्ता) / topic
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
एवindeed, only
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)
भजनम्worship/devotion
भजनम्:
Karta (कर्ता) / predicate-noun
TypeNoun
Rootभजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
पुनःagain; moreover
पुनः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, पुनरुक्ति/पुनरावृत्त्यर्थक (adverb)
अन्यात्मविदितम्known by others
अन्यात्मविदितम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य-आत्म-विदित (कृदन्त; components: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + विदित (कृदन्त))
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त), ‘known by another self/others’
बाह्यम्external
बाह्यम्:
Karta (कर्ता) / predicate-adjective
TypeAdjective
Rootबाह्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
अस्मत्of us/our
अस्मत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6), बहुवचन (genitive plural) in compound sense
अभ्यर्चनादिकम्worship and the like
अभ्यर्चनादिकम्:
Karta (कर्ता) / apposition to बाह्यम्
TypeNoun
Rootअभ्यर्चन-आदि (प्रातिपदिक; components: अभ्यर्चन (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक))
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; ‘worship etc.’
तत्that
तत्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-निपात
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषार्थक-निपात (contrastive particle)
स्वसंवेद्यम्to be known by oneself; self-experienced
स्वसंवेद्यम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व-संवेद्य (कृदन्त; components: स्व (प्रातिपदिक) + संवेद्य (कृदन्त))
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; भाव्य/तव्य-प्रत्ययार्थ (gerundive sense: ‘to be experienced/known’)
आभ्यन्तरम्internal
आभ्यन्तरम्:
Karta (कर्ता) / predicate-adjective
TypeAdjective
Rootआभ्यन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
उदाहृतम्is declared/called
उदाहृतम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-आ-हृ (धातु) → उदाहृत (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; कर्मणि भाव (passive sense: ‘is stated’)
Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pashu

Mantra Metadata

Type: stotra

Ritual Elements

Offering: pushpa

Characters & Entities
S
Shiva

FAQs

It defines bhajana (devotion to Shiva) as a graded discipline—tapas, karma, japa, dhyana, and jnana—culminating in inward realization, not merely outward religiosity.

It affirms that external Linga-worship and rites are valid as “outer” devotion, but their fulfillment is “inner” devotion—direct inner experience of Shiva attained through japa, meditation, and knowledge.

It points to disciplined Shiva-upasana: begin with karma (puja/abhyarchana) supported by tapas, then stabilize japa (e.g., Panchakshara), deepen into dhyana, and mature into jnana as inward, self-evident realization.

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