Rig Veda 3.55.16: Mandala 3, Sukta 55, Mantra 16

Sukta 3.55

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional)

Devata: Nourishing luminous powers (cows/rays) under the One sovereignty

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ धेनवो धुनयन्तामशिश्वीः सबर्दुघाः शशया अप्रदुग्धाः । नव्यानव्या युवतयो भवन्तीर्महद्देवानामसुरत्वमेकम् ॥

Transliteration

ā́ dhenávo dhunayantām áśiśvīḥ sabardúghāḥ śaśayā́ ápra-dugdhāḥ | návyā-navyā yuvatáyo bhávantīr mahád devānām asura-tvám ékam ||

Translation

ขอให้ฝูงโคตัวเมียสั่นกายแล้วเคลื่อนไหว—ผู้ไม่ร่อยหรอ ผู้ให้น้ำนมพร้อมกัน ผู้ยังมิได้ถูกรีดจนหมด ใหม่แล้วใหม่เล่า นางทั้งหลายกลับเป็นสาวรุ่นครั้งแล้วครั้งเล่า—สิ่งหนึ่งนั้นคืออธิปไตยอันไพศาลของเหล่าเทวะ เป็นพลังอสุระ (Asura) อันเดียวเดียว

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Word by Word

• आ: forth; towards; up (preverb)
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)

• धेनवः: the milch-cows
• धेनवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• धुनयन्ताम्: let them shake; let them set in motion
• धुनयन्ताम्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: धुन् (धातु) / धुनयति

• अशिश्वीः: unwearied; vigorous (lit. not failing)
• अशिश्वीः: Kartā (विशेषणम्) / qualifier of धेनवः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशिश्वी (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic adj.)

• सबर्दुघाः: yielding milk with the (sabar-) accompaniment; richly milking
• सबर्दुघाः: Kartā (विशेषणम्) / qualifier of धेनवः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सबर्दुघा (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic compound)

• शशयाः: swift; hastening
• शशयाः: Kartā (विशेषणम्) / qualifier of धेनवः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शशया (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic adj.)

• अप्रदुग्धाः: unmilked; not yet milked
• अप्रदुग्धाः: Kartā (विशेषणम्) / qualifier of धेनवः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-दुह् (धातु) → प्रदुग्ध (कृदन्त, भूतकृत्) + अ- (निषेध)

• नव्याः: new; ever-new
• नव्याः: Kartā (विशेषणम्) / qualifier of युवतयः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नव्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• नव्याः: new (again: ever-new)
• नव्याः: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नव्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• युवतयः: young women; maidens
• युवतयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: युवती (प्रातिपदिक)

• भवन्तीः: becoming; being
• भवन्तीः: — (with implied copula; predicative to युवतयः)
• Type: Verb (participial form)
• Root: भू (धातु) → भवन्त् (वर्तमान कृदन्त/शतृ)

• महत्: great
• महत्: Karma / predicate-nominal (to asuratvam)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवानाम्: of the gods
• देवानाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• असुरत्वम्: lordship; asura-might (sovereign power)
• असुरत्वम्: Karma / predicate-nominal
• Type: Noun
• Root: असुरत्व (प्रातिपदिक; abstract noun from असुर)

• एकम्: one; single
• एकम्: विशेषणम् (of असुरत्वम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)