Rig Veda 1.91.11: Mandala 1, Sukta 91, Mantra 11

Sukta 1.91

Rishi: Gautama Rāhūgaṇa

Devata: Soma

Chandas: Gāyatrī

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सोम गीर्भिष्ट्वा वयं वर्धयामो वचोविदः । सुमृळीको न आ विश ॥

Transliteration

sóma gī́rbhis tvā vayáṃ vardháyāmo vaco-vídaḥ | su-mṛḷī́ko na ā́ viśa ||

Translation

โอ โสมะ (Soma) พวกเราผู้รู้ถ้อยคำ ย่อมทำให้พระองค์เพิ่มพูนด้วยคาถาอันดลใจ ขอพระองค์ผู้เปี่ยมด้วยความอ่อนโยนเป็นสิริมงคลและพระหรรษทานแห่งการเยียวยา เสด็จเข้าสู่พวกเรา

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Word by Word

• सोम: O Soma
• सोम: सम्बोधन (addressed deity)
• Type: Noun (proper/common)
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक) < √सु (सु- ‘to press/extract’, esp. Soma) / सोम- (name)

• गीर्भिः: with hymns / by praises
• गीर्भिः: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर् (स्त्री) ‘hymn, song, praise’

• त्वा: you
• त्वा: कर्म (object)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (2nd person pronoun stem)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (1st person pronoun stem)

• वर्धयामः: we increase / we make (you) grow
• वर्धयामः: क्रिया (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृध् (वर्धते/वर्धयति) ‘to grow, increase; to make grow’

• वचोविदः: knowers of sacred speech / skilled in words
• वचोविदः: कर्ता-विशेषण (apposition to वयम्)
• Type: Adjective/Noun (compound)
• Root: वचस् (नपुं) ‘word, utterance’ + √विद् ‘to know’ → वचोविद् ‘knower of words/utterance’

• सुमृळीकः: (you who are) very gracious
• सुमृळीकः: कर्ता/सम्बोधन-विशेषण (predicate/epithet of Soma)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- (upasarga ‘well’) + मृळीक (adj./noun ‘merciful, gracious; mercy’) → सुमृळीक ‘very gracious’

• नः: to us / for us / our
• नः: सम्प्रदान/अधिकार-सम्बन्ध (beneficiary/possessor: ‘to/for us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (enclitic pronoun)

• आ: hither, towards
• आ: क्रिया-विशेषण (directional)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (preverb/particle)

• विश: enter / come in / come to (us)
• विश: क्रिया (imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विश् (वेवेष्टि/विशति) ‘to enter, settle, come in’