Rig Veda 1.173.10 — Mandala 1, Sukta 173, Mantra 10
Sukta 1.173
Rishi: Agastya Maitrāvaruṇi (traditional attribution)
Devata: Indra (with secondary ethical resonance of Mitra as analogy)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
विष्पर्धसो नरां न शंसैरस्माकासदिन्द्रो वज्रहस्तः । मित्रायुवो न पूर्पतिं सुशिष्टौ मध्यायुव उप शिक्षन्ति यज्ञैः ॥
Transliteration
víspardhaso narā́m na śáṃsair asmā́kāsad índro vájrahastaḥ | mitrāyúvo na pū́rpatíṃ suśíṣṭau madhyāyúva úpa śíkṣanti yajñáiḥ ||
Translation
ด้วยคำสรรเสริญของเราดุจคำสรรเสริญของมนุษย์ผู้แข่งขันกัน ขอให้อินทระผู้ถือวัชระเป็นของเราทั้งหลาย. ดุจสหายของมิตราฝึกเจ้าเมืองให้มีวินัยอันดี ฉันนั้นพลังวัยกลาง—พลังที่กำลังเติบโต—ย่อมเข้ามาใกล้และสั่งสอนด้วยยัญญะทั้งหลาย.
Word by Word
विष्पर्धसःrivals, competitors
विष्पर्धसः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootवि-√स्पर्ध् (स्पर्धते) / स्पर्धस् (प्रातिपदिक)
नराम्of men
नराम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootनृ (प्रातिपदिक नर्/नृ)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
शंसैःwith praises, eulogies
शंसैः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootशंस (प्रातिपदिक)
अस्माकासद्sat down near / came to us
अस्माकासद्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम) + √सद् (सीदति) [आसद्]
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
वज्रहस्तःhaving the thunderbolt in hand
वज्रहस्तः:
कर्तृ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवज्र + हस्त (समास: कर्मधारय/बहुव्रीहि-प्राय)
मित्रायुवःthe Mitrāyus (a clan/men named Mitrāyu)
मित्रायुवः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र + आयु (समास: तत्पुरुष; ‘मित्रायुः’)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
पूर्पतिम्the lord of the stronghold/city
पूर्पतिम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्/पूर् (नगर/दुर्ग) + पति (समास: तत्पुरुष; ‘पूर्-पतिः’)
सुशिष्टौin good discipline / in good instruction
सुशिष्टौ:
अधिकरण
TypeAdjective
Rootसु- + √शास् (शिष्ट) → शिष्ट (कृदन्त) / सुशिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
मध्यायुवःthe Madhyāyus (a clan/men named Madhyāyu)
मध्यायुवः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य + आयु (समास: तत्पुरुष; ‘मध्यायुः’)
उपtowards, near
उप:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप
शिक्षन्तिthey learn / they train themselves
शिक्षन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√शिक्ष् (शिक्षते/शिक्षति)
यज्ञैःby sacrifices, with rites
यज्ञैः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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