Rig Veda 1.102.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 102, Mantra 5

Sukta 1.102

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नाना हि त्वा हवमाना जना इमे धनानां धर्तरवसा विपन्यवः । अस्माकं स्मा रथमा तिष्ठ सातये जैत्रं हीन्द्र निभृतं मनस्तव ॥

Transliteration

nānā́ hí tvā havamānā́ jánā imé dhánānāṃ dhartar ávasā vipányavaḥ | asmā́kaṃ smā rátham ā́ tíṣṭha sātáye jaitráṃ hí indra níbhṛtaṃ mánas táva ||

Translation

แท้จริงชนหมู่มากเหล่านี้เรียกหาพระองค์ ผู้ทรงค้ำจุนทรัพย์สมบัติ ด้วยถ้อยคำวิงวอนและด้วยการพึ่งพาพระกรุณา. แต่ขอพระองค์จงขึ้นรถศึกของเราเพื่อชัยชนะ—รถผู้มีชัยนั้น; เพราะว่า ข้าแต่อินทรา พระประสงค์ของพระองค์มั่นคงแน่วแน่.

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Word by Word

• नाना: in many ways; variously
• नाना: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाना (avyaya-prātipadika)

• हि: indeed; for
• हि: Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (nipāta)

• त्वा: you (as object)
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• हवमानाः: calling; invoking
• हवमानाः: Kartā (with जना इमे)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: √ह्वे (ह्वयति) → हवमान (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्यय, आत्मनेपदी भाव)

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)

• इमे: these
• इमे: Kartā (जनाः इमे) / deictic qualifier
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्

• धनानाम्: of riches; of treasures
• धनानाम्: Genitive relation (सम्बन्ध) to धर्तॄन्
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक)

• धर्तॄन्: supporters; holders
• धर्तॄन्: Karma (object of ‘call’/‘invoke’ implied)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: √धृ → धर्तृ (कर्तृ-प्रातिपदिक)

• अवसा: with help; by aid
• अवसा: Karaṇa (means: ‘with help’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• विपन्यवः: the inspired/praising ones
• विपन्यवः: Kartā (apposition to जनाः)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विपन्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘praising/admiring, inspired’)

• अस्माकम्: of us; our
• अस्माकम्: Genitive relation (सम्बन्ध) to रथम्
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• स्म: indeed; just
• स्म: Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म (nipāta)

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma (goal with आ-तिष्ठ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: onto; towards
• आ: Preverb to तिष्ठ
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga)

• तिष्ठ: mount; stand; take your place
• तिष्ठ: (to Indra) predicate; action
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (तिष्ठति)

• सातये: for winning; for gain
• सातये: Sampradāna/Purpose (dative of purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘winning, gaining’)

• जैत्रम्: victorious
• जैत्रम्: Karma (predicate-accusative with मनः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जैत्र (प्रातिपदिक; ‘victorious’)

• हि: for; indeed
• हि: Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (nipāta)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Address (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• निभृतम्: restrained; firmly held
• निभृतम्: Karma (qualifier of मनः)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: नि-√भृ → निभृत (कृदन्त/भूतकृदन्त; ‘held down, restrained, firm’)

• मनः: mind; resolve
• मनः: Karma (object/predicate complement in clause ‘… मनः तव’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• तव: your
• तव: Genitive relation (सम्बन्ध) to मनः
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्