Shloka 12

मकराक्षवधः

The Slaying of Makarākṣa

Devanagari script

दह्यन्तेधृशमङ्गानिदुरात्मन्ममराघव ।यन्मयासि न दृष्टस्त्वंतस्मिन् कालेमहावने ।।।।

Transliteration

dahyante dhṛśam aṅgāni durātman mama rāghava |

yan mayā asi na dṛṣṭas tvaṃ tasmin kāle mahāvane ||

Translation

“โอ้ราฆวะผู้มีจิตคิดร้าย อวัยวะของเราร้อนรุ่มแผดเผาอย่างแรง เพราะครั้งนั้นในมหาวน เรามิได้เห็นหน้าท่าน”

Word by Word

• dahyante: burn
• dahyante: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dah (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• dhṛśam: excessively
• dhṛśam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dhṛśam (अव्यय)
• Form: परिमाण/तीव्रतावाचक अव्यय (intensifier)

• aṅgāni: limbs
• aṅgāni: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• durātman: O evil-minded one
• durātman: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: durātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; समासार्थः: दुरः आत्मा यस्य (evil-minded)

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• rāghava: O Raghava
• rāghava: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• yat: because
• yat: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: हेतुवाचक अव्यय-प्रयोग (because/that)

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• asi: you are
• asi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation)

• dṛṣṭaḥ: seen
• dṛṣṭaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि भावः

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• tasmin: at that
• tasmin: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• kāle: time
• kāle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• mahāvane: in the great forest
• mahāvane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासार्थः: महत् वनम्

Context

"O Evil minded Raghava! at that time, I did not see you in D and aka forest. My limbs are burning in anger."

Characters & Entities

• Makarākṣa
• Rāma (Rāghava)
• mahāvana (great forest; contextually Daṇḍakāraṇya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Uncontrolled anger is portrayed as self-consuming (“limbs burn”); dharma counsels mastery over krodha so that action remains aligned with truth and right judgment.

What is the narrative situation?

Makarākṣa taunts Rāma and expresses frustration that he did not encounter him earlier in the forest.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The negative counter-example: lack of self-restraint.