Shloka 11

मकराक्षवधः

The Slaying of Makarākṣa

Devanagari script

यत्तदादण्डकारण्येपितरंहतवान्मम ।तदग्रतःस्वकर्मस्थंदृष्टवारोषोऽभिवर्धते ।।।।

Transliteration

yat tadā daṇḍakāraṇye pitaraṃ hatavān mama |

tad agrataḥ svakarmasthaṃ dṛṣṭvā roṣo 'bhivardhate ||

Translation

“เพราะครั้งนั้น ณ ทัณฑการัณยะ ท่านได้สังหารบิดาของเรา บัดนี้เมื่อเห็นท่านอยู่ต่อหน้าในฐานะผู้กระทำกรรมนั้น โทสะของเรายิ่งทวีขึ้น”

Word by Word

• yat: that which
• yat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक (correlative)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• daṇḍakāraṇye: in the Dandaka forest
• daṇḍakāraṇye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daṇḍaka-araṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन; स्थानवाचक

• pitaram: father
• pitaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• hatavān: (you) killed
• hatavān: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: han (धातु)
• Form: क्तवत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Past active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोग

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन

• tad: that (deed)
• tad: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्-सम्बन्ध (that)

• agrataḥ: before/in front
• agrataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: agrataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (in front/presence)

• svakarmastham: standing in (his) own action
• svakarmastham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva + karma + stha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम्; समासार्थः: स्वकर्मणि स्थितम् (engaged in his own act/duty)

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (Gerund)

• roṣaḥ: anger
• roṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: roṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• abhivardhate: increases greatly
• abhivardhate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vṛdh (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; उपसर्ग: अभि-

Context

"Then in Dandakaranya my father was killed. Now for the samereason you are in front of me. Seeing you my anger is increasing."

Characters & Entities

• Makarākṣa
• Rāma
• Daṇḍakāraṇya

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse exposes how anger rooted in personal vengeance can cloud discernment; dharma requires judging actions by justice and truth (satya), not merely by inherited grievance.

What is the narrative situation?

Makarākṣa explains his hostility: he believes Rāma killed his father earlier in Daṇḍakāraṇya.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Not virtue but a dominating trait: wrath (krodha) that drives him toward revenge.