Shloka 36

युद्धे अङ्गद-मैन्द-द्विविद-राक्षसयुद्धम्; कुम्भस्य प्रादुर्भावः तथा सुग्रीवेण पराभवः

Sarga 76: Angada and the Vanara chiefs battle Kampana, Prajaṅgha, Yūpākṣa, Śoṇitākṣa; Kumbha enters and is checked by Sugrīva

Devanagari script

आपततनीं च वेगेनकुम्भस्तांसान्त्वयच्चमूम् ।अथोत्कष्टंमहावीर्यैर्लब्धलक्ष्यैःप्लवङ्गमैः ।।।।निपातितमहावीरांदृष्टवारक्षश्चमूंततः ।कुम्भःप्रचक्रेतेजस्वीरणेकर्मसुदुष्करम् ।।।।

Transliteration

āpatatanīṃ ca vēgēna kumbhas tāṃ sāntvayac camūm |

athōtkaṣṭaṃ mahāvīryair labdhalakṣyaiḥ plavaṅgamaiḥ ||

nipātita-mahāvīrāṃ dṛṣṭvā rākṣasa-camūṃ tataḥ |

kumbhaḥ pracakrē tējasvī raṇē karma suduṣkaram ||

Translation

กุมภะรีบปลอบประโลมกองทัพยักษ์ที่กำลังหวั่นไหวด้วยความรวดเร็ว ครั้นเห็นมหาวีรของตนถูกวานรผู้กล้าหาญซึ่งเล็งเป้าได้แม่นยำโค่นลงแล้ว กุมภะผู้รุ่งเรืองจึงฉวยกาลในสนามรบ เริ่มกระทำกิจอันยากยิ่ง

Word by Word

• āpatantīm: rushing/charging (or fleeing)
• āpatantīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ā-√pat (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Feminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifying 'camūm' (rushing/being in flight)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• vegena: swiftly
• vegena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vega (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular; adverbial

• kumbhaḥ: Kumbha
• kumbhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kumbha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• tām: that
• tām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; refers to 'camūm'

• sāntvayat: encouraged/consoled
• sāntvayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√tvai (धातु) / √sāntv (धातु-प्रयोग)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada; causative sense 'to console/encourage'

• camūm: army
• camūm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: camū (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Discourse particle (अनन्तर/प्रारम्भवाचक अव्यय)

• utkṛṣṭam: excellent/raised up
• utkṛṣṭam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ut-√kṛṣ (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past participle (क्त), Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifying an implied noun like 'yuddham/karma' (excellent/raised)

• mahāvīryaiḥ: by great-valored (ones)
• mahāvīryaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सह/साकं)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-vīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Plural; qualifying 'plavaṅgamaiḥ'; mahā (great) + vīrya (valor)

• labdhalakṣyaiḥ: who had found their mark/opportunity
• labdhalakṣyaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सह/साकं)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: labdha-lakṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Plural; qualifying 'plavaṅgamaiḥ'; tatpuruṣa: labdhaṃ lakṣyaṃ yaiḥ (who have obtained their aim/mark)

• plavaṅgamaiḥ: by the monkeys
• plavaṅgamaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सह/साकं)
• Type: Noun
• Root: plavaṅgama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Plural

Context

Kumbha quickly restored the confidence of the troops. Then energetic Kumbha seeing the eminent heroes of Rakshasa army struck down, he found a favourable opportunity and drew up an excellent strategy and performed an extremely difficult deed in the battlefield.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbha
• Rākṣasa army
• Vānara army (plavaṅgama)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It shows the dharma of leadership in crisis: restoring morale, assessing the situation, and acting decisively. Even when used for an unrighteous cause, the leadership skill itself is ethically notable.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbha rallies the distressed rākṣasa forces after their champions are felled by the vānara warriors, and prepares a difficult counter-action.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Nētṛtva (leadership) and dhairya (steadfast composure) under battlefield pressure.