Shloka 53

कुम्भकर्णोपदेशः

Kumbhakarna’s Counsel and War-Boast to Ravana

Devanagari script

यमं च शमयिष्यामिभक्षयिष्यामिपावकम् ।।6.63.53।।आदित्यंपातयिष्यामिसनक्षत्रंमहीतले ।

Transliteration

yamaṃ ca śamayiṣyāmi bhakṣayiṣyāmi pāvakam |

ādityaṃ pātayiṣyāmi sa-nakṣatraṃ mahītale ||

Translation

ข้าจะปราบยมราช ข้าจะกลืนอัคนี (ไฟ) และข้าจะเหวี่ยงดวงอาทิตย์—พร้อมหมู่ดาว—ให้ตกลงสู่พื้นพิภพ

Word by Word

• यमम्: Yama
• यमम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• शमयिष्यामि: I will quell
• शमयिष्यामि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शम् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (भविष्यत्), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative) ‘I will pacify/quiet’

• भक्षयिष्यामि: I will devour
• भक्षयिष्यामि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (भविष्यत्), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन

• पावकम्: fire (Agni)
• पावकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पावक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• आदित्यम्: the Sun
• आदित्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• पातयिष्यामि: I will make fall
• पातयिष्यामि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (भविष्यत्), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative) ‘I will cause to fall’

• स: with
• स: Sahakaraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सहार्थक उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद ‘with’ (समासपूर्वपद)

• नक्षत्रम्: the stars
• नक्षत्रम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नक्षत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘stars/constellations’ (collective)

• महीतले: on the earth’s surface
• महीतले: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मही-तल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (महीयाः तलम्)

Context

"I will remain steady in the battlefield and devour monkeys also. I wish to confer an unusual and great glory on you."

Characters & Entities

• Yama
• Agni (Fire)
• Sun (Āditya)
• Stars (Nakṣatra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse demonstrates how arrogance can lead to speech that violates satya in spirit (truthfulness and realism) and disregards the divine order; Dharma values truthful restraint over grandiose threats.

What is the narrative situation?

The speaker escalates his boast to cosmic proportions, claiming power over death, fire, and the sun to intimidate and reassure his side.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Extreme confidence and intimidation; ethically, it functions as a cautionary example of pride rather than a commendable virtue.