Valmiki Ramayana 2.89.22 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 89, Shloka 22

गङ्गातरणम्

Bharata’s Ferrying of the Army across the Ganga

Devanagari script

आश्वासयित्वा च चमूं महात्मा निवेशयित्वा च यथोपजोषम्।द्रष्टुं भरद्वाजमृषिप्रवर्य मृत्विग्वृतस्सन्भरतः प्रतस्थे।।।।

Transliteration

āśvāsayitvā ca camūṃ mahātmā niveśayitvā ca yathopajoṣam | draṣṭuṃ bharadvājam ṛṣipravaryaṃ ṛtvigvṛtaḥ san bharataḥ pratasthē ||

Translation

ครั้นมหาบุรุษภรตะได้ปลอบประโลมกองทัพให้พักผ่อน และจัดให้ตั้งค่ายตามความประสงค์แล้ว ก็พร้อมด้วยฤตวิช (ปุโรหิตผู้ประกอบยัญ) ออกเดินทางไปเพื่อเฝ้าพบพระฤๅษีผู้ประเสริฐ คือภรทวาชะ

Word by Word

• आश्वासयित्वा: having comforted/rested
• आश्वासयित्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-श्वस् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपदी-भाव; पूर्वक्रिया (having caused to rest/comforted)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• चमूम्: the army
• चमूम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चमू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• महात्मा: the great-souled one (Bharata)
• महात्मा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• निवेशयित्वा: having encamped (them)
• निवेशयित्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-विश् (धातु)
• Form: णिच्-प्रयोग (causative) + क्त्वान्त; ‘निवेशयित्वा’ = having caused (them) to encamp

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• यथा-उपजोषम्: according to (their) pleasure
• यथा-उपजोषम्: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + उपजोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव; क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial)

• द्रष्टुम्: to see
• द्रष्टुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), प्रयोजन (purpose)

• भरद्वाजम्: Bharadwaja
• भरद्वाजम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of seeing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरद्वाज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ऋषिप्रवर्यम्: the foremost of sages
• ऋषिप्रवर्यम्: Karma (कर्म, qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रवर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (ऋषीणां प्रवर्यः)

• ऋत्विग्वृतः: surrounded by priests
• ऋत्विग्वृतः: Karta (कर्ता, qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋत्विज् (प्रातिपदिक) + वृत (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP/क्त) ‘वृत’ = surrounded; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तृतीया-तत्पुरुष (ऋत्विग्भिः वृतः)

• सन्: being
• सन्: Karta (कर्ता, participial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘being’ (state)

• भरतः: Bharata
• भरतः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रतस्थे: set out; departed
• प्रतस्थे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-स्था (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Context

O king (Guha)! the night passed comfortably for us. We have been honoured by you in many ways. Let your fishermen be ordered to ferry us across the Ganga in their boats.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Bharadvāja
• army (camū)
• priests (ṛtvij)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is leadership joined with reverence: Bharata responsibly settles the army’s needs and then approaches a sage, honoring spiritual authority and counsel.

What is the narrative situation?

Having reached the Prayāga region, Bharata encamps his forces and goes with priests to visit sage Bharadvāja.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s prudent command and humility before learned ascetics.