Shloka 5

सीताविलापः रावणनिन्दा च

Sita’s Lament and Condemnation of Ravana

Devanagari script

यो हि मामुद्यतस्त्रातुं सोऽप्ययं विनिपातितः।गृध्रराजः पुराणोऽसौ श्वशुरस्य सखा मम।।3.53.5।।

Transliteration

yo hi mām udyatas trātuṃ so 'py ayaṃ vinipātitaḥ |

gṛdhrarājaḥ purāṇo 'sau śvaśurasya sakhā mama ||3.53.5||

Translation

แม้ท่านผู้ลุกขึ้นยกอาวุธเพื่อคุ้มครองข้าพเจ้า ก็ยังถูกโค่นลงแล้ว—พญาแร้งผู้ชราองค์นั้น ผู้เป็นสหายของพระสัสสุระของข้าพเจ้า

Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Relative pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन

• हि: indeed
• हि: सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Particle/Emphasis)

• माम्: me
• माम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• उद्यतः: ready; intent
• उद्यतः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-√यम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (Past participle used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थ: ‘risen/ready/intent’

• त्रातुम्: to protect
• त्रातुम्: प्रयोजन (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्रा (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (Infinitive), अर्थ: ‘to protect’

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अपि: also; even
• अपि: सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Particle: ‘also/even’)

• अयम्: this (one); he here
• अयम्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Demonstrative pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• विनिपातितः: has been felled; lies fallen
• विनिपातितः: कर्म (Patient/कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-नि-√पत् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थ: ‘struck down/fallen’

• गृध्रराजः: the king of vultures
• गृध्रराजः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृध्र-राज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास: गृध्राणां राजा (king of vultures)

• पुराणः: old; ancient
• पुराणः: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुराण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषण, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• असौ: that (one)
• असौ: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Demonstrative pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• श्वशुरस्य: of (my) father-in-law
• श्वशुरस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वशुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• सखा: friend
• सखा: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (irregular stem सखि → सखा)

• मम: my
• मम: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी, एकवचन

Context

O mean Ravana, are you not ashamed of kidnapping me when I was separated (from my husband)?

Characters & Entities

• Sītā (Vaidehī)
• Rāvaṇa
• Jatāyu (gṛdhrarāja)
• Daśaratha (implied as śvaśura of Sītā)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma honors protective duty and sacrifice: Jatāyu’s attempt to defend Sītā is righteous even if it ends in death. The verse highlights the cost of opposing adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

Sītā notes that Jatāyu, who tried to rescue her during the abduction, has been brought down by Rāvaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Jatāyu’s bravery and dharmic guardianship—standing against wrongdoing despite age and danger.