Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 13

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

नमःस्वस्तिस्वधास्वाहालंवषड्योग ईरिता । चतुर्थी चैव तादर्थ्ये तुमर्थाद्भाववाचिनः ॥ १३ ॥

Transliteration

namaḥsvastisvadhāsvāhālaṃvaṣaḍyoga īritā | caturthī caiva tādarthye tumarthādbhāvavācinaḥ || 13 ||

Translation

คำว่า “นะมะห์, สวัสติ, สวธา, สวาหา, อะลัม” และคำอุทานพิธีกรรม “วะษัฏ” เป็นถ้อยคำที่กำกับการใช้วิภัตติที่สี่ (ดาตีฟ) ในความหมายแห่งการถวาย/มอบให้ อีกทั้งวิภัตติที่สี่ยังใช้ในความหมาย “เพื่อสิ่งนั้น” และรูปกริยานามลงท้าย “-tum” จากธาตุ แสดงภาวะแห่งการกระทำที่ตั้งใจจะทำ

Word by Word

• नमः: salutation (namaḥ)
• नमः: Sambodhana/Prayojana (सम्बोधन/प्रयोग-निर्देश)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोगः (interjection-like usage)

• स्वस्ति: well-being; hail
• स्वस्ति: Prayojana (प्रयोग-निर्देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वस्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (particle/benediction)

• स्वधा: svadhā (ritual call)
• स्वधा: Prayojana (प्रयोग-निर्देश)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वधा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; मन्त्रपद-रूपेण (ritual exclamation)

• स्वाहा: svāhā (ritual call)
• स्वाहा: Prayojana (प्रयोग-निर्देश)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वाहा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; मन्त्रपद-रूपेण

• अलम्: enough; stop
• अलम्: Prayojana (प्रयोग-निर्देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अलम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle; sufficient/stop)

• वषट्: vaṣaṭ (ritual call)
• वषट्: Prayojana (प्रयोग-निर्देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वषट् (अव्यय/मन्त्रपद)
• Form: अव्यय (Vedic ritual exclamation)

• योगे: in the usage/connection
• योगे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• ईरिताः: are stated/declared
• ईरिताः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ईरित (कृदन्त; √ईर्/ईर्- प्रेरणे, धातु)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying the listed words)

• चतुर्थी: the dative (4th case)
• चतुर्थी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुर्थी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्तिनाम (name of the 4th case)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• तदर्थ्ये: in the sense of purpose/for that end
• तदर्थ्ये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तदर्थ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अर्थ-विशेषे (in the sense of purpose for that)

• तुमर्थात्: from the infinitive-sense
• तुमर्थात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुमर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; ‘तुमुन्’-प्रत्ययार्थात् (from the sense of infinitive)

• भाववाचिनः: (words) denoting an action/state (bhāva)
• भाववाचिनः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भाव-वाचिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः (भावस्य वाचिनः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विशेषणम्

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in a technical Vedanga/Vyakarana context)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It links sacred utterances used in worship and sacrifice (namaḥ, svasti, svadhā, svāhā, vaṣaṭ) with precise grammatical usage, showing that correct speech (śabda) and correct intention (artha) are integral to dharma and ritual purity.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By teaching that offerings and salutations are expressed as “for” the deity or recipient (dative sense), it emphasizes purposeful dedication—acts done for the Lord, the Devas, or the Pitṛs—turning speech and action into conscious devotional offering.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa (Sanskrit grammar): it states when the dative (caturthī) is used—after certain indeclinables and in purpose-constructions—and notes the infinitive in -tum as a marker of intended action/purpose.