Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 105

The Exposition of the Dvādaśī Vow for the Twelve Months

Dvādaśī-vrata-nirṇaya and Mahā-dvādaśī Lakṣaṇas

Devanagari script

यदा तु धवले पक्षे द्वादशी स्यान्मधान्विता । तदा प्रोक्ता जया नाम सर्वशत्रुविनाशिनी ॥ १०५ ॥

Transliteration

yadā tu dhavale pakṣe dvādaśī syānmadhānvitā | tadā proktā jayā nāma sarvaśatruvināśinī || 105 ||

Translation

เมื่อในปักษ์สว่าง วันทวาทศีตรงกับเดือนมธุ (ไจตร) วรตนั้นเรียกว่า ‘ชยา’ ผู้ทำลายศัตรูทั้งปวง.

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: कालाधिकरण (Kāla-adhikaraṇa/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम् (temporal adverb)

• तु: indeed/and
• तु: सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपातः (particle; contrast/emphasis)

• धवले: in the bright (white)
• धवले: अधिकरण-विशेषण (Locative qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धवल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying pakṣe)

• पक्षे: fortnight
• पक्षे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• द्वादशी: the twelfth lunar day (Dvādaśī)
• द्वादशी: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वादशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (1st/Nominative), एकवचनम्; तिथि-नाम

• स्यात्: should be/occurs
• स्यात्: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• मधान्विता: accompanied by ‘Madha’ (name of a yoga/condition)
• मधान्विता: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मध-अन्वित (प्रातिपदिक; मध + अन्वित)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying dvādaśī)

• तदा: then
• तदा: कालाधिकरण (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम् (then)

• प्रोक्ता: is said/called
• प्रोक्ता: कर्ता-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; ‘called/said’

• जया: Jayā
• जया: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; नाम (name)

• नाम: by name
• नाम: सम्बन्ध (Naming particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: निपातः; नाम-निर्देशकः (quotative/‘by name’)

• सर्वशत्रुविनाशिनी: destroyer of all enemies
• सर्वशत्रुविनाशिनी: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व-शत्रु-विनाशिनी (प्रातिपदिक; सर्व + शत्रु + विनाशिनी)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying jayā)

Speaker

Narada

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Jayā (Dvādaśī observance)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Characters & Entities

• Jayā (Dvādaśī/Vrata)
• Madhu (Caitra month)
• Dvādaśī
• Śukla-pakṣa

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It defines a specific sacred timing: when Dvādaśī in the bright fortnight coincides with the month Madhu (Caitra), the vrata is called Jayā and is praised for removing hostile forces and obstacles.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By highlighting a named Dvādaśī observance, it points to time-based devotional discipline—keeping a vrata on an auspicious tithi as a supportive practice for Vaiṣṇava devotion and spiritual protection.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

It uses calendrical computation—tithi (Dvādaśī), pakṣa (śukla/bright fortnight), and māsa naming (Madhu/Caitra)—which aligns with Jyotiṣa (Vedāṅga astrology) for determining correct ritual timing.