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Shloka 51

Adhyaya 8Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

राक्षसो वातिकठिनस्ततः पापतरोऽपि वा ।

विक्रेतुं दयितां प्राप्तो यो न प्राणांस्त्यजाम्यहम् ॥

rākṣaso vātikaṭhinas tataḥ pāpataro ’pi vā /

vikretuṃ dayitāṃ prāpto yo na prāṇāṃs tyajāmy aham

“แม้ผู้ใดจะเป็นยักษ์รากษสที่แข็งกร้าวดุจลม และยิ่งบาปหนักกว่านั้น; แต่หากเขามาถึงขั้นขายผู้เป็นที่รักแล้ว เราจะไม่ยอมสละลมหายใจ (ไม่ยอมจำนน)”

rākṣasaḥa demon
rākṣasaḥ:
Predicative (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
or
:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्प-निपात (disjunctive particle: or)
ati-kaṭhinaḥvery hard-hearted
ati-kaṭhinaḥ:
Predicative (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootati (अव्यय) + kaṭhina (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभावसमास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (very hard/harsh)
tataḥthen/thereafter
tataḥ:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: then/thereafter)
pāpataraḥmore sinful
pāpataraḥ:
Predicative (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तरप्-प्रत्यय (comparative: more sinful)
apieven
api:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (even/also)
or
:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्प-निपात (or)
vikretumto sell
vikretum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Root√krī (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), ‘to sell’ (वि+√क्री)
dayitāmbeloved (wife)
dayitām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdayitā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
prāptaḥhaving come (to do so)
prāptaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√āp (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘having come/arrived’
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (who)
nanot
na:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात
prāṇānlife-breaths/life
prāṇān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
tyajāmiI give up
tyajāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√tyaj (धातु)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा, एकवचन
Devi Mahatmyam narrative voice (battle episode); specific in-verse speaker not explicitly indicated by the pāda as given

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Chandika (Devi/Durga)
Chandika / Durga (as the overarching Shakti in Adhyaya 8’s battle context)
ShaktismAdharmaMoral degradationObstinacy (duragraha)Conflict between divine order and demonic impulse

FAQs

The verse highlights the extremity of adharma: when one’s inner hardness and sin intensify, even the most intimate bonds (symbolized by “dayitā,” the beloved) become commodified. The ethical warning is that moral collapse proceeds by degrees—cruelty and obstinacy culminate in betrayal of what should be protected—yet the ego still clings to life and refuses surrender.

Primarily within Vaṃśānucarita/Carita (narrative episode) rather than Sarga/Pratisarga/Manvantara/Vaṃśa proper. In the Devi Mahatmyam portion of the Markandeya Purana, this functions as dharma-illustrative kathā (exemplary narrative) embedded in the Purāṇic corpus.

“Selling the beloved” can be read symbolically as the surrender of one’s inner śraddhā and refined consciousness to lower impulses (kāma, lobha). The refusal to ‘give up prāṇa’ reflects the tenacity of ahaṅkāra (ego) that persists even when virtue has been traded away—setting the stage for Shakti’s intervention, where divine power restores order by breaking that hardened resistance.