Shloka 41

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

शातनं तेजसो मे 'द्य क्रियतामिति भास्करः ।

तञ्चाह विश्वकर्माणं संज्ञायाः पितरं द्विज ॥

Transliteration

śātanaṃ tejaso me 'dya kriyatām iti bhāskaraḥ / tañ cāha viśvakarmāṇaṃ saṃjñāyāḥ pitaraṃ dvija

Translation

“วันนี้จงกระทำการลดทอนรัศมีของเราเถิด” ภาสกรกล่าว; แล้วท่านได้กล่าวดังนี้แก่พระวิศวกรรมัน บิดาของสัญญา—โอ พราหมณ์।

Word by Word

• शातनम्: diminution, reduction
• शातनम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शातन (प्रातिपदिक; √शात्/√शद् इत्यस्य भाव/कर्मणि-निर्मित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; ‘क्रियताम्’ इत्यस्य कर्म (to be done)

• तेजसः: of (my) radiance
• तेजसः: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• मे: my
• मे: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अद्य: today, now
• अद्य: कालाधिकरण (Temporal adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of time: today/now)

• क्रियताम्: let it be done
• क्रियताम्: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (√कृ धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive), आत्मनेपदम्

• इति: thus
• इति: उद्धरण (Quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरणसूचक

• भास्करः: the Sun
• भास्करः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भास्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तम्: him
• तम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; ‘विश्वकर्माणम्’ इत्यस्य सर्वनाम-निर्देशः

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordinator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• आह: said
• आह: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्/ब्रू (√अह्/√ब्रू धातु; ‘आह’ लिट्-रूप)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपदम्

• विश्वकर्माणम्: Viśvakarman
• विश्वकर्माणम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्वकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• संज्ञायाः: of Saṃjñā
• संज्ञायाः: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• पितरम्: father
• पितरम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Object-apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘विश्वकर्माणम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (apposition)

• द्विज: O twice-born (brahmin)
• द्विज: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrative voice (Bhāskara addressing Viśvakarman; narrator addresses ‘dvija’)

Primary Deities

• Sūrya (Bhāskara)
• Viśvakarman
• Saṃjñā

Key Themes

• Self-limitation of power
• Divine craftsmanship
• Reconciliation
• Tejas regulation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The highest strength includes voluntary restraint; leadership that moderates itself becomes fit for relationship and for sustaining the worlds.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara/vaṃśa narration: it explains a cosmic adjustment (solar intensity) that underlies orderly life in the age of Vaivasvata.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Shaving tejas’ is yogic: reduction of excess inner heat so consciousness can relate, reflect, and nourish without scorching.