Shloka 74

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

स्त्रीणां रजस्यवस्थानं तेषां कालांश्च मे शृणु ।

चत्वार्यहानि पूर्वाणि तथैवाऽन्यत् त्रयोदश ॥

Transliteration

strīṇāṃ rajasy-avasthānaṃ teṣāṃ kālāṃś ca me śṛṇu | catvāry ahāni pūrvāṇi tathaivānyat trayodaśa ||

Translation

จงฟังจากเราเรื่องภาวะมีระดูของสตรีและช่วงเวลาที่เกี่ยวข้อง: สี่วันแรก และอีกสิบสามวันถัดจากนั้น

Word by Word

• स्त्रीणाम्: of women
• स्त्रीणाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी) Plural (बहुवचन)

• रजसि: in menstruation
• रजसि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Singular (एकवचन)

• अवस्थानम्: state / condition
• अवस्थानम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Genitive (षष्ठी) Plural (बहुवचन)

• कालान्: times / periods
• कालान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Plural (बहुवचन)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• मे: to me
• मे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Dative (चतुर्थी) Singular (एकवचन) (enclitic)

• शृणु: hear
• शृणु: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (singular), परस्मैपद

• चत्वारि: four
• चत्वारि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Numeral; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन) (qualifying ‘ahāni’)

• अहानि: days
• अहानि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• पूर्वाणि: former / first
• पूर्वाणि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन) (agreeing with ‘ahāni’)

• तथा: thus / likewise
• तथा: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (adverb: thus/likewise)

• एव: indeed
• एव: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphatic particle: just/indeed)

• अन्यत्: another
• अन्यत्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन) (elliptic: ‘another [number]’)

• त्रयोदश: thirteen
• त्रयोदश: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रयोदश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvigu numeral compound (त्रयः + दश); used as numeral ‘thirteen’ (indeclinable-like here) qualifying implied ‘ahāni’

Speakers

• Not explicit in excerpt; didactic voice within dharma material

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ācāra
• Ritual purity norms
• Householder regulations

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The passage reflects classical ācāra literature that systematizes domestic timing rules. Ethically, it underscores ordered living (niyama) and attentiveness to ritual calendars as understood in that tradition.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This is ācāra/dharma guidance, not a direct pañcalakṣaṇa element.

What is the esoteric significance?

Time-segmentation can be read as a symbolic mapping of bodily cycles onto sacred order; the ‘counting of days’ encodes a discipline of aligning personal life with perceived cosmic rhythms.