Shloka 30

Adhyaya 50 — Mind-Born Progeny, Svayambhuva Manu’s Lineage, and Brahmā’s Ordinance to Duḥsaha (Alakṣmī’s Retinue)

Sanskrit

माया च वेदना चैव मिथुनं द्वयमेतयोः ।

तयोरजज्ञेऽथ वै माया मृत्युं भूतापहारिणम् ॥

Transliteration

māyā ca vedanā caiva mithunaṃ dvayam etayoḥ | tayor jajñe 'tha vai māyā mṛtyuṃ bhūtāpahāriṇam ||

Translation

มายา (Māyā) และเวทนา (Vedanā) เป็นคู่กัน. จากทั้งสองบังเกิดมายาอีกครั้ง และต่อมาบังเกิดมฤตยู (Mṛtyu) ผู้พรากชีวิตของสรรพสัตว์.

Word by Word

• māyā: Māyā (illusion)
• māyā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-निपात

• vedanā: Pain, suffering (personified)
• vedanā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vedanā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-निपात

• eva: indeed
• eva: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण-निपात (emphatic ‘indeed/just’)

• mithunam: a pair, couple
• mithunam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mithuna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• dvayam: twofold, consisting of two
• dvayam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्यावाचक-विशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Numeral adjective, Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• etayoḥ: of these two
• etayoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; Pronoun, Feminine, Genitive, Dual

• tayoḥ: of the two (of them)
• tayoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; Genitive, Dual

• jajñe: was born
• jajñe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jan (जन् धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; Perfect, 3rd person, Singular; आत्मनेपद

• atha: then
• atha: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भार्थक (sequencing particle ‘then’)

• vai: indeed
• vai: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (emphasis)

• māyā: Māyā
• māyā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• mṛtyum: Death
• mṛtyum: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛtyu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• bhūta-apahāriṇam: stealer of beings, life-snatcher
• bhūta-apahāriṇam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhūta (प्रातिपदिक) + apahārin (प्रातिपदिक; from √hṛ with apa-)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (कर्मधारय/उपपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘bhūtān apaharati’); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; विशेषणम् mṛtyum प्रति

Speakers

• Frame dialogue tradition (sage-narration within Markandeya Purana); specific speaker not explicit in supplied excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Suffering
• Mortality
• Moral-psychological allegory

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Delusion and pain reinforce each other and culminate in the inevitability of death; the verse suggests that ignorance (māyā) intensifies suffering (vedanā), making beings more vulnerable to the ‘carrying off’ power of mortality.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga-like genealogical cosmology: abstract forces (delusion, pain, death) are treated as created entities within the Purāṇic explanatory model.

What is the esoteric significance?

Mṛtyu as ‘bhūtāpahārin’ can signify the constant ‘loss’ of life-moments; māyā and vedanā together produce the experience of impermanence as suffering.