Shloka 29

Adhyaya 50 — Mind-Born Progeny, Svayambhuva Manu’s Lineage, and Brahmā’s Ordinance to Duḥsaha (Alakṣmī’s Retinue)

Sanskrit

हिंसा भार्या त्वधर्मस्य तस्यां जज्ञे तथानृतम् ।

कन्या च निरृतिस्तस्यां सुतौ द्वौ नरकं भयम् ॥

Transliteration

hiṃsā bhāryā tv adharmasya tasyāṃ jajñe tathānṛtam | kanyā ca nirṛtis tasyāṃ sutau dvau narakaṃ bhayam ||

Translation

หิงสา (Hiṃsā) เป็นภรรยาของอธรรม (Adharma); จากนางบังเกิดอนฤตะ (Anṛta) คือความเท็จ. และธิดาชื่อ นิรฤติ (Nirṛti) คือความพินาศ ก็เกิดจากนาง; จากนิรฤติบังเกิดบุตรชายสององค์—นรกะ (Naraka) และภยะ (Bhaya) คือความหวาดกลัว.

Word by Word

• hiṃsā: Violence (personified)
• hiṃsā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hiṃsā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता/विधेय), एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• bhāryā: wife
• bhāryā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• tu: but, indeed
• tu: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/विरोधार्थक-निपात (particle ‘but/indeed’)

• adharmasya: of Adharma (Unrighteousness)
• adharmasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; Masculine, Genitive (6th), Singular

• tasyām: in her
• tasyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; Pronoun, Feminine, Locative (7th), Singular

• jajñe: was born
• jajñe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jan (जन् धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; Perfect, 3rd person, Singular; आत्मनेपद

• tathā: also, likewise
• tathā: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण

• anṛtam: falsehood, untruth
• anṛtam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), एकवचन; Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• kanyā: a daughter
• kanyā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kanyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

• nirṛtiḥ: Nirṛti (goddess of destruction/misfortune)
• nirṛtiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nirṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• tasyām: in her
• tasyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; Locative, Singular

• sutau: two sons
• sutau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• dvau: two
• dvau: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvi (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
• Form: संख्याविशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; Numeral adjective, Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• narakam: hell
• narakam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: naraka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• bhayam: fear
• bhayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speakers

• Frame dialogue tradition (sage-narration within Markandeya Purana); specific speaker not explicit in supplied excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Adharma
• Karmic consequences
• Moral causality
• Personified vices

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text depicts a chain-reaction: violence normalizes falsehood; falsehood breeds ruin (nirṛti); ruin culminates in inner and outer suffering—fear and ‘hellish’ experience. It is an ethical warning framed as genealogy.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga/Pratisarga mode: enumerative ‘creation’ of negative principles and their descendents, mapping moral decay as a cosmological lineage.

What is the esoteric significance?

Naraka and Bhaya can be read as states of consciousness: when adharma dominates, the mind inhabits ‘hell’ (torment) and ‘fear’ (insecurity), even before any post-mortem imagery.