Shloka 14

Adhyaya 5 — Tvashta’s Wrath, the Birth of Vritra, and the Divine Descent as the Pandavas

Sanskrit

धर्मेण तेजसा त्यक्तं बलहीनमरूपिणम् ।

ज्ञात्वा सुरेशं दैतेयास्तज्जये चक्रुरुद्यमम् ॥

Transliteration

dharmeṇa tejasā tyaktaṃ balahīnam arūpiṇam | jñātvā sureśaṃ daiteyās tajjaye cakrur udyamam ||

Translation

ครั้นรู้ว่าเจ้าแห่งเทวะคืออินทราถูกธรรมะและศรี (รัศมี/สิริอำนาจ) ละทิ้ง จนไร้กำลังและประหนึ่งไร้รูป ดัยตยะทั้งหลายจึงเริ่มเพียรพยายามจะพิชิตท่าน

Word by Word

• dharmeṇa: by dharma/righteousness
• dharmeṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), तृतीया विभक्ति (Inst. 3), एकवचन (sg.)

• tejasā: by splendor/power
• tejasā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tejas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), तृतीया विभक्ति (Inst. 3), एकवचन (sg.)

• tyaktam: abandoned
• tyaktam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √tyaj (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Acc. 2), एकवचन (sg.); ‘abandoned’ (qualifying sureśam)

• bala-hīnam: devoid of strength
• bala-hīnam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bala (प्रातिपदिक) + hīna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Acc. 2), एकवचन (sg.); तत्पुरुषः: ‘बलेन हीनः’

• a-rūpiṇam: formless/without proper form
• a-rūpiṇam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-rūpin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Acc. 2), एकवचन (sg.)

• jñātvā: having known
• jñātvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jñā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभावः; ‘having known/realized’

• sureśam: the lord of the gods (Indra)
• sureśam: Karma (कर्म) (object of jñātvā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sura-īśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Acc. 2), एकवचन (sg.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: ‘सुराणाम् ईशः’

• daiteyāḥ: the Daityas
• daiteyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daiteya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nom. 1), बहुवचन (pl.)

• tat-jaye: in conquering him / for his defeat
• tat-jaye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + jaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), सप्तमी विभक्ति (Loc. 7), एकवचन (sg.); तत्पुरुषः: ‘तस्य जयः’ → ‘तज्जय’ ; अर्थे ‘तस्य जये’ (in his conquest/defeat)

• cakruḥ: made/undertook
• cakruḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद (P.), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन (pl.)

• udyamam: effort/enterprise
• udyamam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udyama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Acc. 2), एकवचन (sg.)

Speakers

• Narratorial puranic voice (contextual narration; specific frame-speaker not provided in input)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Indra (Sureśa)

Key Themes

• Dharma and royal potency (tejas)
• Decline of divine authority
• Asura opportunism
• Cosmic order and its disruption

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Authority (even divine kingship) is sustained by dharma and tejas; when righteousness and inner radiance depart, power collapses and hostile forces naturally rise. The verse frames political/moral decline as a spiritual causality, not merely a military one.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This aligns most closely with Manvantara/Anucarita-style narration: episodic accounts of gods, demons, and rulership across cosmic time that illustrate dharma’s maintenance or erosion within a given era.

What is the esoteric significance?

Indra symbolizes the governing mind/sovereignty; tejas is the luminous force of disciplined virtue. When dharma-tejas is ‘abandoned,’ sovereignty becomes ‘arūpin’ (unmanifest/ineffective), and lower impulses (Daityas) attempt to seize control—an inner allegory of ethical and psychological degeneration precipitating conflict.