Shloka 26

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

सोऽहं सर्वगतो भूप ! लोकसंव्यवहारतः ।

मयेदमुच्यते सर्वं त्वया पृष्टो व्रजाम्यहम् ॥

Transliteration

so ’haṃ sarvagato bhūpa! loka-saṃvyavahārataḥ | mayedam ucyate sarvaṃ tvayā pṛṣṭo vrajāmy aham ||

Translation

‘เรานั่นเอง’ ผู้แผ่ซ่านทั่ว, โอ้พระราชา—แต่เรากล่าวเช่นนี้ตามธรรมเนียมโลก เมื่อท่านได้ถามแล้ว บัดนี้เราขอลาไป

Word by Word

• saḥ: he/that (I)
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचनम्

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचनम्

• sarva-gataḥ: all-pervading
• sarva-gataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + gata (√gam + क्त)
• Form: उपपद-तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारयार्थक: ‘सर्वत्र गतः’; पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; qualifies aham

• bhūpa: O king
• bhūpa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, सम्बोधन (8th/सम्बोधन), एकवचनम्

• loka-saṃvyavahārataḥ: from worldly usage
• loka-saṃvyavahārataḥ: Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃvyavahāra (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तस्-प्रत्यय)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव/तत्पुरुषसमासपूर्वक तसिल्-अव्यय: ‘लोकस्य संव्यवहारतः’ = from the standpoint of worldly convention

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचनम्

• idam: this
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• ucyate: is said
• ucyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present/लट्), कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचनम्

• sarvam: all
• sarvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; qualifies idam (or implied ‘all’)

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचनम्

• pṛṣṭaḥ: asked (having been asked)
• pṛṣṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √prach (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; agrees with aham

• vrajāmi: I go
• vrajāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vraj (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present/लट्), परस्मैपदम्, उत्तमपुरुष (1st), एकवचनम्

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचनम् (emphatic repetition)

Speakers

• Subāhu addressing King Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• So’ham / non-duality
• Brahman
• Two levels of discourse (paramārtha vs. vyavahāra)
• Closure of instruction

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text distinguishes ultimate truth from conventional speech: even a realized teacher uses worldly language for instruction. Ethically, it promotes humility and clarity—teach without reifying the ego.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic overlay within ‘vaṃśānucarita’ (royal narrative). Not a primary sarga/pratisarga/manvantara focus here.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘So’ham’ indicates identity with the all-pervading reality; ‘loka-saṃvyavahārataḥ’ hints that the apparent individuality of speaker/listener is a pedagogical concession.