Shloka 24

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

अव्यक्तादिविशेषान्तम् अविकारम् अचेतनम् ।

व्यक्ताव्यक्तं त्वया ज्ञेयं ज्ञाता कश्चाहमित्युत ॥

Transliteration

avyaktādi-viśeṣāntam avikāram acetanam / vyaktāvyaktaṃ tvayā jñeyaṃ jñātā kaścāham ity uta //

Translation

ตั้งแต่สิ่งไม่ปรากฏ (อวฺยกตะ) จนถึงรายละเอียดที่ปรากฏ ทั้งที่ไม่แปรเปลี่ยนและไร้สำนึก—จงเข้าใจความเป็นปรากฏและไม่ปรากฏนี้ แล้วท่านจักรู้ว่า ‘เรา’ ผู้รู้แท้จริงนั้นคือผู้ใด

Word by Word

• अव्यक्तादिविशेषान्तम्: from the unmanifest up to the final differentiation
• अव्यक्तादिविशेषान्तम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव्यक्त + आदि + विशेष + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; समासः—अव्यक्त-आदि-विशेष-अन्तम् = ‘अव्यक्तादारभ्य विशेषान्तं यावत्’

• अविकारम्: unchanging
• अविकारम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अविकार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• अचेतनम्: insentient
• अचेतनम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अचेतन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• व्यक्ताव्यक्तम्: the manifest and the unmanifest
• व्यक्ताव्यक्तम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यक्त + अव्यक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karana (करण/Agent in passive/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• ज्ञेयम्: should be known
• ज्ञेयम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate in passive sense)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञेय (प्रातिपदिक; √ज्ञा + यत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive: ‘to be known’)

• ज्ञाता: the knower
• ज्ञाता: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञातृ (प्रातिपदिक; √ज्ञा + तृच्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; तृच्-प्रत्ययान्त कर्तृवाचक (agent noun)

• कः: who
• कः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय-बोधक

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, उद्धरणार्थक

• उत: also / indeed
• उत: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, विकल्प/समुच्चयार्थक (particle: ‘and/also/indeed’)

Speakers

• Subāhu to Kāśirāja

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jnana (as bhava)", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Ontology (vyakta/avyakta)
• Sāṅkhya-style analysis
• Witness-consciousness (jñātṛ)
• Self-realization

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Discriminating the insentient field (manifest/unmanifest nature) from the sentient knower clarifies identity and guides one toward liberation. Ethical steadiness follows when the ruler knows he is not merely the changing apparatus of body, role, and circumstance.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Philosophical doctrine (tattva-vicāra) in dialogue; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

By mapping all objectifiable layers—from subtle unmanifest to gross particulars—as ‘not-Self’, the seeker turns toward the jñātā (witness). This is a direct route to de-identification (vairāgya) and insight (jñāna).