Shloka 74

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

निर्जितामात्यवर्गस्तु त्यक्त्वा मरणजं भयम् ।

सन्दधीत शरं राजा लक्ष्यं उद्दिश्य वैरिणम् ॥

Transliteration

nirjitāmātyavargas tu tyaktvā maraṇajaṃ bhayam / sandadhīta śaraṃ rājā lakṣyam uddiśya vairiṇam

Translation

เมื่อควบคุมวงคณะอำมาตย์ได้แล้ว และสลัดความหวาดกลัวอันเกิดจากความตายทิ้งไป กษัตริย์พึงขึ้นศร เล็งศัตรูเป็นเป้าหมาย

Word by Word

• nirjita-amātya-vargaḥ: (he) whose ministerial faction is subdued
• nirjita-amātya-vargaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nirjita (नि+जि, कृदन्त) + amātya (प्रातिपदिक) + varga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—निर्जितः अमात्यवर्गः यस्य सः (whose minister-group is conquered)

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/विशेषणार्थक निपात (but/indeed)

• tyaktvā: having abandoned
• tyaktvā: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tyaj (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund), ‘त्यक्त्वा’ = having abandoned

• maraṇa-jam: born of death (death-caused)
• maraṇa-jam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: maraṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + ja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—मरणात् जातम् इति पञ्चमी-तत्पुरुषः

• bhayam: fear
• bhayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• sandadhīta: should fix/should aim (an arrow)
• sandadhīta: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-dhā (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्-लकार (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• śaram: arrow
• śaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• lakṣyam: target
• lakṣyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• uddiśya: having aimed at
• uddiśya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-diś (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्/तुमुन्-समकक्ष अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive), ‘उद्दिश्य’ = having aimed at/pointing toward

• vai riṇam: the enemy
• vai riṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaira (प्रातिपदिक) / vairin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; रूपम् ‘वैरिणम्’ (enemy)

Speakers

• Kāśīrāja continuing counsel/critique to Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Rāja-dharma
• Fearlessness
• Statecraft and control of ministers
• Martial duty

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The king is expected to master internal governance (ministers) and internal fear (death-anxiety) before confronting external foes—an ethic of disciplined courage.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma (rāja-dharma) within vaṃśānucarita narrative context.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Enemy as target’ can also mirror yogic psychology: once fear (abhiniśiveśa) is dropped and inner faculties are ordered, the ‘arrow’ of attention can be aimed steadily—though here expressed in kṣatriya idiom.