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Shloka 73

Adhyaya 43Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

काशिराज उवाच

किमलर्क ! परित्यक्तं राज्यं ते संयुगं विना ।

क्षत्रियस्य न धर्मोऽयं भवांश्च क्षत्रधर्मवित् ॥

kāśirāja uvāca kim alarka! parityaktaṃ rājyaṃ te saṃyugaṃ vinā / kṣatriyasya na dharmo 'yaṃ bhavāṃś ca kṣatradharmavit

กษัตริย์แห่งกาศีกล่าวว่า “โอ้ อลรกะ! เหตุใดเจ้าจึงละทิ้งราชอาณาจักรโดยไม่ทำศึก? นั่นมิใช่หน้าที่แห่งกษัตริยะ และเจ้าก็เป็นผู้รู้ธรรมของกษัตริยะ”

kāśirājaḥthe king of Kāśī
kāśirājaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkāśirāja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—काश्याः राजा इति षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
kimwhat?
kim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
alarkaO Alarka
alarka:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootalarka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन
parityaktamabandoned
parityaktam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootpari-tyaj (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Past Passive Participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘त्यक्तम्’
rājyamkingdom
rājyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrājya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
teyour
te:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
saṃyugambattle
saṃyugam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃyuga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन
vināwithout
vinā:
Apadana/Relation (अपादानार्थ-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvinā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपपद (preposition) — ‘विना’ सह द्वितीया
kṣatriyasyaof a kṣatriya
kṣatriyasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣatriya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन
nanot
na:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
dharmaḥduty; dharma
dharmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
ayamthis
ayam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
bhavānyou (sir)
bhavān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; आदरार्थक सर्वनाम
caand
ca:
Connector (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
kṣatra-dharma-vitknower of kṣatriya-duty
kṣatra-dharma-vit:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣatra (प्रातिपदिक) + dharma (प्रातिपदिक) + vid (धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—क्षत्रधर्मं वेत्ति इति उपपद-तत्पुरुषः; ‘-vit’ = विद्-धातोः क्विप्/क्विन्-प्रत्ययान्त (ज्ञाता)
Kāśīrāja speaking to Alarka

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Kshatriya dharmaHonor and warfare ethicsTension between pravṛtti (worldly duty) and nivṛtti (renunciation)

FAQs

The verse articulates the orthodox social-ethical view: rulers must not abdicate responsibility out of fear or weakness; renunciation must be distinguished from escapism.

Dharma instruction embedded in vaṃśānucarita (royal conduct).

The objection represents the ‘voice of varṇāśrama’—the binding power of role-identity. The later teaching (Alarka’s reply) typically resolves this by elevating inner freedom over role.