Shloka 68

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

परित्यजिष्ये गार्हस्थ्यमार्तिपादपकाननम् ।

त्वत्तोऽनुज्ञां समासाद्य ज्ञानदातुर्महात्मनः ॥

Transliteration

parityajiṣye gārhasthyam ārti-pāda-pakānanam / tvatto 'nujñāṃ samāsādya jñāna-dātur mahātmanaḥ

Translation

ข้าแต่ผู้มีจิตยิ่งใหญ่ ผู้ประทานญาณ เมื่อได้รับอนุญาตจากท่านแล้ว ข้าพเจ้าจักละทิ้งเพศคฤหัสถ์—ซึ่งมีเพียงการแสดงออกภายนอกและเต็มไปด้วยทุกข์โศก

Word by Word

• परित्यजिष्ये: I shall abandon
• परित्यजिष्ये: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• गार्हस्थ्यम्: householder life
• गार्हस्थ्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गार्हस्थ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• आर्ति-पादप-काननम्: the forest of trees of distress (i.e., distressful thicket)
• आर्ति-पादप-काननम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + पादप (प्रातिपदिक) + कानन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (आर्तेः पादपाः यस्मिन् तत् काननम्)

• त्वत्तः: from you
• त्वत्तः: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पञ्चमी (Ablative), एकवचन

• अनुज्ञाम्: permission
• अनुज्ञाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• समासाद्य: having approached/obtained
• समासाद्य: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-√सद् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having approached/obtained’

• ज्ञान-दातुः: of the giver of knowledge
• ज्ञान-दातुः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + दातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (ज्ञानस्य दाता)

• महात्मनः: of the great-souled one
• महात्मनः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन

Speakers

• Disciple/renunciant figure addressing Dattatreya (contextually Alarka/Jaḍa in this episode)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vairagya", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Vairagya (dispassion)
• Sannyasa/renunciation
• Guru-śiṣya instruction
• Moksha

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Renunciation is not portrayed as impulsive rebellion but as a disciplined transition undertaken with the guru’s consent; worldly life is described as intrinsically bound to suffering, prompting the seeker to prioritize liberating knowledge.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Dharma/Upadeśa within narrative instruction rather than strict sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita; it supports vaṃśānucarita indirectly by shaping a king’s life-course through spiritual counsel.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Householder life as a façade’ can be read as critique of mere external roles (āśrama as costume) without inner freedom; the verse points to the shift from identity-with-role to identity-with-awareness (jñāna).