Shloka 4

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

श्राद्धानां सर्वदानानां फलानि नियमांस्तथा । तथोपवासात् पूर्ताच्च देवताभ्यर्चनादपि ॥

Transliteration

śrāddhānāṃ sarva-dānānāṃ phalāni niyamāṃs tathā | tathopavāsāt pūrtāc ca devatābhyarcanād api ||

Translation

เขาแสวงหาผลแห่งพิธีศราทธ์ ผลแห่งทานทั้งปวง และผลแห่งวัตรปฏิบัติ; ทั้งบุญจากการอดอาหาร บุญจากงานปูรตะ (สาธารณกุศล) และแม้แต่ผลแห่งการบูชาเทพเจ้า

Word by Word

• श्राद्धानाम्: of śrāddha rites
• श्राद्धानाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन (gen. pl.)

• सर्वदानानाम्: of all gifts/charities
• सर्वदानानाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व + दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः (सर्वाणि दानानि) (gen. pl.)

• फलानि: fruits, results
• फलानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: फल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन (neut. nom. pl.)

• नियमान्: observances, restraints
• नियमान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नियम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन (masc. acc. pl.)

• तथा: also
• तथा: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (indecl. ‘also’)

• तथा: also
• तथा: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (indecl. ‘also’)

• उपवासात्: from fasting
• उपवासात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपवास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन (abl. sg.)

• पूर्तात्: from charitable works (pūrta)
• पूर्तात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन (abl. sg.); ‘पूर्त’ = public works/charitable constructions

• च: and
• च: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक-निपात (conjunction ‘and’)

• देवताभ्यर्चनात्: from worship of deities
• देवताभ्यर्चनात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवता + अभ्यर्चन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (देवतायाः/देवतानाम् अभ्यर्चनम्) (abl. sg.)

• अपि: also, even
• अपि: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-निपात (particle ‘also/even’)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Ritual merit (puṇya)
• Detachment from fruits (phala-tyāga)
• Śrāddha and dāna

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Rituals and charities are affirmed as meritorious in dharma, yet attachment to their ‘fruits’ becomes a yogic impediment. The yogic lens demands relinquishing outcome-fixation.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Falls under dharma/yoga instruction rather than the five defining Purāṇic narrative categories.

What is the esoteric significance?

The verse highlights ‘puṇya as subtle bondage’: even sattvic merit can sustain identity and expectation, preventing the mind from resting in brahma-niṣṭhā.