Shloka 18

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

स्पर्शं वायो तथा तद्वद्विभ्रतस्तस्य धारणाम् ।

व्योम्रः सूक्ष्मां प्रवृत्तिञ्च शब्दं तद्वज्जहाति सः ॥

Transliteration

sparśaṃ vāyo tathā tadvadvibhratastasya dhāraṇām | vyomraḥ sūkṣmāṃ pravṛttiñca śabdaṃ tadvajjahāti saḥ ||

Translation

ฉันนั้น เมื่อทรงไว้ซึ่งสมาธิแน่วแน่นั้น เขาละทิ้งสัมผัสซึ่งเป็นคุณของลม แล้วในอากาศธาตุ ด้วยความเคลื่อนไหวอันละเอียดของสติ เขาก็ละทิ้งเสียงเช่นเดียวกัน

Word by Word

• स्पर्शम्: touch
• स्पर्शम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्पर्श (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• वायोः: of air
• वायोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• तथा: thus
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘thus/so’)

• तद्वत्: likewise
• तद्वत्: Sambandha (तुलना-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद्वत् (अव्यय)
• Form: तुल्यतावाचक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘likewise’)

• विभ्रतः: of (him) bearing/holding
• विभ्रतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विभ्रत् (धृ धातोः शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘तस्य’ इत्यनेन सह सम्बन्धः

• तस्य: of him/its
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• धारणाम्: support/retention
• धारणाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धारणा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• व्योम्रः: ether/space (reading uncertain)
• व्योम्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्योमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकस्य प्रथमा-एकवचनरूपं सामान्यतः ‘व्योम’; पाठे ‘व्योम्रः’ इति रूपं संदिग्धम्/पाठभेदः (सम्भवतः ‘व्योम’ वा ‘व्योम्नः’); अर्थतः ‘आकाशः’

• सूक्ष्माम्: subtle
• सूक्ष्माम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सूक्ष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘प्रवृत्तिम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषण

• प्रवृत्तिम्: activity/function
• प्रवृत्तिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रवृत्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• शब्दम्: sound
• शब्दम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तद्वत्: likewise
• तद्वत्: Sambandha (तुलना-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद्वत् (अव्यय)
• Form: तुल्यतावाचक-अव्यय

• जहाति: abandons
• जहाति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हा (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt (within Markandeya Purana’s instructional dialogue context)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Elemental qualities (sparśa, śabda)
• Pratyāhāra-like withdrawal
• Subtle absorption

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Progress requires relinquishing even refined sensory markers; the practitioner learns to release the last ‘signatures’ by which mind recognizes worlds.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Yoga praxis instruction; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The text encodes the tanmātra hierarchy: air→touch; ether→sound. Dropping sound in ‘space’ symbolizes entering a non-objectified awareness beyond vibration/word.