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Shloka 12

Adhyaya 27Madālasa’s Instruction to King Alarka: Royal Ethics, Self-Conquest, and Statecraft

तस्मात् कामादयः पूर्वं जेयाः पुत्र ! महीभुजा ।

तज्जये हि जयोऽवश्यं राजा नश्यति तैर्जितः ॥

tasmāt kāmādayaḥ pūrvaṃ jeyāḥ putra! mahībhujā /

tajjaye hi jayo 'vaśyaṃ rājā naśyati tair jitaḥ

ฉะนั้น โอรสเอ๋ย พระราชาพึงพิชิตกามะและกิเลสทั้งหลายก่อน เมื่อพิชิตได้แล้วชัยชนะย่อมแน่นอน; แต่หากพระราชาถูกกิเลสเหล่านั้นพิชิต ก็ย่อมพินาศ

तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause-source)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; ‘therefore/from that’
कामादयःdesire and the rest
कामादयः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootकाम (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘kāma etc.’ (ādi = ‘and others’)
पूर्वम्first
पूर्वम्:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (adverb) ‘first/previously’
जेयाःmust be conquered
जेयाः:
Vidheyavisheshana (विधेयविशेषण/Predicative)
TypeAdjective
Rootजि (धातु) (कृदन्त)
Formभाव्य/यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive/future passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘to be conquered’
पुत्रO son
पुत्र:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन
महीभुजाby the king
महीभुजा:
Kartr-karana (कर्तृकरण/agent-instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootमही + भुज् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘by the earth-holder’ = king
तत्in that
तत्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (in compound sense with jaye)
जयेin their conquest
जये:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootजय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘in victory/when (they are) conquered’
हिfor/indeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात/particle (reason/emphasis)
जयःvictory
जयः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootजय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अवश्यम्certainly
अवश्यम्:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअवश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (adverb) ‘certainly/inevitably’
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
नश्यतिperishes
नश्यति:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootनश् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
तैःby them
तैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
जितःhaving been conquered
जितः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootजि (धातु) (कृदन्त)
Formक्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘conquered’
Didactic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s nīti/rājadharma discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaKingshipInner Enemies (ariṣaḍvarga)Self-mastery

FAQs

The text equates ethical self-governance with political success: conquering inner compulsions secures outer stability; being ruled by them guarantees downfall.

Ancillary dharma/nīti instruction; not pancalakṣaṇa.

The king symbolizes the conscious self; ‘victory’ is integration and clarity. When desire and allied impulses dominate, sovereignty is lost—an inner allegory consistent with yogic psychology.