Shloka 17

Adhyaya 26 — Madālasa Names Alarka and Reorients Him Toward Kshatriya Duty

Sanskrit

वदन्ति पुरुषाः प्राज्ञा व्यापिनं पुरुषं यतः /

क्रान्तिश्च गतिरुद्दिष्टा देशाद्देशान्तरं तु या

Transliteration

vadanti puruṣāḥ prājñā vyāpinaṃ puruṣaṃ yataḥ | krāntiś ca gatir uddiṣṭā deśād deśāntaraṃ tu yā ||

Translation

บัณฑิตเรียกปุรุษว่า ‘ผู้แผ่ซ่าน’ (วยาปี) เพราะคำว่า ‘กรานติ’ กล่าวกันว่าเป็นความเคลื่อนไหว คือการไปจากที่หนึ่งสู่อีกที่หนึ่ง

Word by Word

• vadanti: they say
• vadanti: Kriyā (क्रिया/Finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vad (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद

• puruṣāḥ: men; people
• puruṣāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• prājñāḥ: wise
• prājñāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prājña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण of puruṣāḥ

• vyāpinam: all-pervading
• vyāpinam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyāpin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Acc/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण of puruṣam

• puruṣam: the Person (spirit)
• puruṣam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Acc/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• yataḥ: because; since
• yataḥ: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable), हेतु-अव्यय (causal particle: 'because/for')

• krāntiḥ: stepping; striding; movement
• krāntiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: krānti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• gatiḥ: going; motion
• gatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• uddiṣṭā: is designated; is stated
• uddiṣṭā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ud-diś (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि-क्त (PPP -ta), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन (Singular); predicate with gatiḥ

• deśāt: from a place
• deśāt: Apādāna (अपादान/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), पञ्चमी (Ablative/5th), एकवचन (Singular)

• deśāntaram: another place; a different region
• deśāntaram: Karma (कर्म/Goal as object of motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deśa + antara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Acc/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• tu: but; indeed
• tu: Avyaya (अव्यय/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, विरोध/विशेषार्थक (particle: 'but/indeed')

• yā: which
• yā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन (Singular); relative pronoun referring to gatiḥ/krāntiḥ

Speakers

• Mādālasā explaining to the king

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "jnana", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Language and meaning
• Self as all-pervading
• Critique of literal etymology
• Non-locality of consciousness

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

If the Self is truly all-pervading, it cannot be characterized by ‘movement’ in space. The lesson is to avoid mistaking metaphorical or linguistic derivations for ontological truth.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic discourse (upadeśa) rather than pancalakṣaṇa categories; it supports Purāṇic teaching but is not genealogical/cosmic chronology.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Movement from place to place’ belongs to body-mind. The verse sets up the distinction between consciousness (non-moving, all-pervading) and its apparent motions via upādhis (limiting adjuncts).