Shloka 16

Adhyaya 17 — The Birth of Atri’s Three Sons: Soma, Dattatreya, and Durvasa

Sanskrit

दुर्वासाः पितरं हित्वा मातरञ्चोत्तम व्रतम् ।

उन्मत्ताख्यं समाश्रित्य परिबभ्राम मेदिनीम् ॥

Transliteration

durvāsāḥ pitaraṃ hitvā mātarañ cottama-vratam | unmattākhyaṃ samāśritya paribabhrāma medinīm ||

Translation

ทุรวาสาได้ละทิ้งบิดามารดา แล้วรับปฏิญญาอันประเสริฐที่เรียกว่า ‘อุนมัตตะ’ และเที่ยวจาริกไปทั่วแผ่นดิน

Word by Word

• दुर्वासाः: Durvāsā
• दुर्वासाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्वासा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• पितरम्: father
• पितरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• हित्वा: having left/abandoned
• हित्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive), 'having abandoned'

• मातरम्: mother
• मातरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• उत्तम: excellent
• उत्तम: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular); व्रतम् इति विशेषण

• व्रतम्: vow/observance
• व्रतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• उन्मत्ताख्यम्: (a vow) called “Unmatta”
• उन्मत्ताख्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उन्मत्त-आख्य (प्रातिपदिक: उन्मत्त + आख्य)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular); समासः: उन्मत्त-आख्य ('called mad')

• समाश्रित्य: having undertaken
• समाश्रित्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+आ+श्रि (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive), 'having resorted to'

• परिबभ्राम: wandered about
• परिबभ्राम: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि+भ्रम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)

• मेदिनीम्: the earth
• मेदिनीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मेदिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

Speakers

• Narrator voice within the Purana’s rishi-to-rishi discourse (exact frame-speaker not explicit in these standalone verses)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Durvāsā

Key Themes

• Renunciation
• Avadhūta/unmatta conduct
• Vows (vrata)
• Pilgrimage/wandering asceticism

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Renunciation is depicted not as social rebellion but as a disciplined vrata. The ‘unmatta’ mode signals freedom from conventional markers of status while still anchored in spiritual aim.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita/Ākhyāna: exemplary life-patterns of sages used to convey dharma and vairāgya; ancillary to broader manvantara narratives.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Leaving father and mother’ symbolizes cutting primal identifications. ‘Unmatta’ hints at transcendence of lokadharma conventions—an outer ‘madness’ masking inner steadiness.