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Shloka 33

Adhyaya 14The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

अकुर्वन् पापकं कर्म पुण्यं वाप्यवतिष्ठते ।

यद्यत्प्राप्नोति पुरुषो दुःखं सुखमथापि वा ॥

akurvan pāpakaṃ karma puṇyaṃ vāpy avatiṣṭhate / yad yat prāpnoti puruṣo duḥkhaṃ sukham athāpi vā

หากมิได้กระทำกรรมชั่ว—หรือแม้กรรมดี—ย่อมไม่มีผู้ใดคงอยู่เพื่อเสวยผล; มนุษย์ได้สิ่งใดก็ตาม จะทุกข์หรือสุข ล้วนเกิดจากกรรมทั้งสิ้น

अकुर्वन्not doing
अकुर्वन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक (negated) ‘not doing’
पापकम्sinful/evil
पापकम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpāpaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; adjective to कर्म
कर्मdeed/action
कर्म:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
पुण्यम्merit
पुण्यम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpuṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; here as object/goal implied
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-निपात (or)
अपिalso/even
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअप्यर्थक-निपात (also/even)
अवतिष्ठतेremains/abides
अवतिष्ठते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअव+स्था (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
यत्whatever
यत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; correlating relative ‘whatever’
यत्each whatever
यत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; repetition for distributive sense
प्राप्नोतिattains/obtains
प्राप्नोति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+आप् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
पुरुषःa man/person
पुरुषः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
दुःखम्sorrow/pain
दुःखम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
सुखम्happiness/pleasure
सुखम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अथthen/and
अथ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अनन्तरार्थक-अव्यय (then/and)
अपिalso/even
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअप्यर्थक-निपात (also/even)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-निपात (or)
Unclear from provided excerpt (later addresses 'rājan')

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Moral causalityKarmaPleasure/pain

FAQs

The text asserts karmic determinacy: experiences of happiness or suffering are not causeless but trace back to one’s deeds (including mental and verbal acts by implication).

Dharma/karma instruction; ancillary to purāṇic narrative rather than a lakṣaṇa section.

This frames the cosmos as ethically intelligible: ‘fate’ is the maturation of prior intention and action, preserving a moral order (ṛta/dharma) across time.