Shloka 27

Adhyaya 11 — The Son’s Discourse on Embryogenesis, Birth, and the Wheel of Saṃsāra

Sanskrit

नारकांश्चैव संप्रेक्ष्य महद्दुःखमवाप्यते ।

एतां गतिमहं गन्तेत्यहर्निशमनिर्वृतः ॥

Transliteration

nārakāṁś caiva saṁprekṣya mahad duḥkham avāpyate | etāṁ gatim ahaṁ gante ity aharniśam anirvṛtaḥ ||

Translation

ครั้นเห็นผู้ที่อยู่ในนรก ก็ถูกความระทมใหญ่ครอบงำ คิดทั้งวันทั้งคืนไม่ขาดว่า “ชะตาเช่นนั้นเราก็อาจต้องไปถึง”

Word by Word

• नारकान्: hell-beings (denizens of hell)
• नारकान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नारक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/कर्म), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• संप्रेक्ष्य: having observed
• संप्रेक्ष्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + √प्रेक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (Gerund/absolutive), ‘having seen/observed’

• महत्: great
• महत्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• दुःखम्: sorrow
• दुःखम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अवाप्यते: is obtained/experienced
• अवाप्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव + √आप् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive), आत्मनेपद

• एताम्: this
• एताम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc), एकवचन; विशेषण

• गतिम्: state/going/destiny
• गतिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc/कर्म), एकवचन

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• गन्ता: (am) going to go / will go
• गन्ता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु)
• Form: तृच्-प्रत्ययान्त (Agent noun/future-goer), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘one who will go’

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इति-उक्त्यर्थक

• अहः: day
• अहः: Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc) एकवचन; अव्ययीभावे ‘day’ (paired with night)

• निशम्: night
• निशम्: Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निशा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc) एकवचन; ‘night’ (paired with day)

• अनिर्वृतः: unrelieved, not at ease
• अनिर्वृतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनिर्वृत (प्रातिपदिक; निर् + √वृत् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक क्त-प्रत्ययान्त विशेषण (not content/uneasy)

Speakers

• Putra to Pitṛ (continuation of the same dialogue)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Karmic consequences
• Naraka
• Moral urgency

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Awareness of karmic consequence is meant to awaken vigilance (apramāda). Ethical living is not merely social; it is protection from self-created suffering.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic dharma-teaching (upadeśa) attached to karma-phala; ancillary to Purāṇic aims rather than a genealogical or cosmological segment.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Seeing hell’ can be read as inner conscience: when the mind vividly apprehends consequence, compulsive impulses weaken and discernment (viveka) strengthens.