Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 16

Adhyaya 11The Son’s Discourse on Embryogenesis, Birth, and the Wheel of Saṃsāra

ततः कालक्रमाज्जन्तुः परिवर्तत्यधोमुखः ।

नवमे दशमे वापि मासि सज्जायते यतः ॥

tataḥ kālakramāj jantuḥ parivartaty adhomukhaḥ | navame daśame vāpi māsi sajjāyate yataḥ ||

ต่อมาเมื่อกาลล่วงไปเป็นลำดับ สัตว์ผู้มีร่างกายย่อมหันศีรษะลงเบื้องล่าง; เพราะตั้งแต่เดือนที่เก้าหรือเดือนที่สิบ เขาก็พร้อมเพื่อการกำเนิดแล้ว।

tataḥthen; thereafter
tataḥ:
Hetu/Anantarya (हेतु/अनन्तर्य-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (Avyaya), अव्यय-प्रकारः: क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
kāla-kramaḥthe course/sequence of time
kāla-kramaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक) + krama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (kālasya kramaḥ)
jantuḥthe creature/embryo
jantuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjantu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
parivartatiturns/changes position
parivartati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpari√vṛt (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
adho-mukhaḥface-down; with face downward
adho-mukhaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootadhas (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (adho mukham yasya/adhomukhaḥ)
navamein the ninth
navame:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnavama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (ordinal)
daśamein the tenth
daśame:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdaśama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (ordinal)
or
:
Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, विकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive particle)
apialso/even
api:
Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय/अपि-कार (particle: also/even)
māsiin the month
māsi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन
sajjāyateis born/comes forth
sajjāyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam√jan (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
yataḥbecause; from which
yataḥ:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय, कारणार्थक (causal adverb: 'because/whence')
Not specified in the provided excerpt (contextually part of a didactic narration on embodiment and transmigration within Markandeya Purana’s philosophical discourse).

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

EmbodimentGestationHuman birthSaṃsāra

FAQs

The verse emphasizes that embodiment proceeds under the governance of time and nature’s process, not personal control—preparing the listener for the broader teaching that worldly life begins in constraint and continues under causal law (karma and time).

Primarily within 'Pratisarga/Pratisarga-like' didactic material (accounts of beings and their conditions) and secondarily as karmic-ethical instruction connected to 'Vaṃśānucarita' in the broad Purāṇic sense (human condition across lives), though not a genealogy proper.

The turning 'adhomukha' can be read as a symbol of consciousness entering outward-facing existence—mind and senses orienting toward the lower (external) field, setting the stage for delusion and forgetfulness after birth.