Shloka 15

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

तातैतद्बहुशोऽभ्यस्तं यत् त्वयाद्योपदिश्यते ।

तथैवान्यानि शास्त्राणि शिल्पानि विविधानि च ॥

Transliteration

tātaitad bahuśo 'bhyastaṃ yat tvayādyopadiśyate | tathaivānyāni śāstrāṇi śilpāni vividhāni ca ||

Translation

บิดาเอ๋ย คำสั่งสอนเดียวกันนี้ที่ท่านมอบให้ในวันนี้ ข้าพเจ้าได้ปฏิบัติและได้สดับมาหลายครั้งแล้ว; เช่นเดียวกับคัมภีร์ศาสตราอื่น ๆ และศิลปวิทยาหลากหลายด้วย

Word by Word

• tāta: dear father
• tāta: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन

• etat: this
• etat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; here as object with implied 'I have practiced': द्वितीया (Acc.)

• bahuśaḥ: many times
• bahuśaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bahuśas (अव्यय)
• Form: आवृत्तिवाचक अव्यय (often)

• abhyastam: practiced; studied
• abhyastam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√as (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; here predicative: 'has been practiced/learned'

• yat: which; that which
• yat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सम्बन्धबोधक यत् (relative pronoun used as indeclinable connector here: 'which/that which')

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/स्त्री (common), तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• adya: today; now
• adya: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (today/now)

• upadiśyate: is taught; is instructed
• upadiśyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√diś (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive): 'is being taught'

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: रीतिवाचक अव्यय (so; likewise)

• eva: indeed; just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphasis: indeed/just)

• anyāni: other
• anyāni: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण of śāstrāṇi/śilpāni

• śāstrāṇi: treatises; scriptures
• śāstrāṇi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śāstra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• śilpāni: arts; crafts
• śilpāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śilpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• vividhāni: various
• vividhāni: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vividha (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण of śāstrāṇi/śilpāni

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (and)

Speakers

• Son (within the embedded story); reported by the birds

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Rebirth implication
• Saṃskāra and repeated learning
• Vairāgya
• Worldly knowledge vs liberation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The speaker relativizes conventional instruction: even dharmic guidance and worldly arts repeat across lives. The implied ethical push is to seek what ends repetition—liberating knowledge—rather than endlessly re-accumulating skills and roles.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative teaching dharma and mokṣa-oriented vairāgya; not directly one of the five, though it supports the purāṇic soteriological purpose.

What is the esoteric significance?

The verse hints at latent impressions (saṃskāras) carried across births—knowledge and capacities recur, but without awakening they do not terminate saṃsāra.