Shloka 14

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

इति पित्रा सुतस्नेहात् प्रलोभि मधुराक्षरम् ।

स चोद्यमानो बहुशः प्रहस्येदमथाब्रवीत् ॥

Transliteration

iti pitrā sutasnehāt pralobhi madhurākṣaram | sa codyamāno bahuśaḥ prahasyedam athābravīt ||

Translation

ดังนี้ บิดาด้วยความรักต่อบุตร ได้กล่าวถ้อยคำอันหวานและชวนใจ (เพื่อชักนำสั่งสอน) และเขาเมื่อถูกเร้าเตือนหลายครั้ง ก็ยิ้มแล้วกล่าวดังนี้

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyārtha-sūcaka (वाक्यार्थसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक अव्यय (quotative)

• pitrā: by the father
• pitrā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• sutasnehāt: from affection for (his) son
• sutasnehāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta + sneha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): sutasya snehaḥ

• pralobhi: enticing; alluring
• pralobhi: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√lubh (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (present participle-like adjective), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया? एकवचन; here used adverbially/qualitatively with madhurākṣaram: 'enticing' (प्रलोभि = प्रलोभक)

• madhura-akṣaram: sweet words
• madhura-akṣaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: madhura + akṣara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: मधुरम् अक्षरम् (sweet words/letters)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (he)

• codyamānaḥ: being urged
• codyamānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √cud (धातु)
• Form: शानच् (present passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मणि: 'being urged'

• bahuśaḥ: many times
• bahuśaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bahuśas (अव्यय)
• Form: आवृत्तिवाचक अव्यय (repeatedly)

• prahasya: having laughed
• prahasya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√has (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययकृदन्त; पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• idam: this
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (this)

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तरबोधक अव्यय (then/now)

• abravīt: said; spoke
• abravīt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √brū (धातु)
• Form: लुङ् (Aorist/Imperfective past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Speakers

• Birds (narrating); father and son are characters in the embedded story

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Didactic narrative
• Affectionate persuasion
• Turning point (speech after silence)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Affectionate counsel can draw out a deeper truth. The son’s smile signals distance from ordinary motivations, preparing the listener for a teaching on repeated worldly experience and disillusionment.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic ākhyāna supporting dharma/vairāgya; not sarga or manvantara material.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘smile’ can be read as the witness-consciousness (sākṣin) emerging—unmoved by persuasion, yet capable of compassionate instruction.