Atharva Veda 18.4.30: Kanda 18, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 4, Mantra 30

Sukta 4

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

कोशं॑ दुहन्ति क॒लशं॒ चतु॑र्बिल॒मिडां॑ धे॒नुं मधु॑मतीं स्व॒स्तये॑ । ऊर्जं॒ मद॑न्ती॒मदि॑तिं॒ जने॒ष्वग्ने॒ मा हिं॑सीः पर॒मे व्योऽमन्

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 18.4.30

IAST Transliteration

kóśaṃ duhanti kalaśáṃ catúrbilam iḍā́ṃ dhenúṃ mádhumatīṃ svastáye | ū́rjaṃ mádantīm áditim janéṣv agne mā́ hiṃsīḥ paramé vyòman |

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

They milk the pail, the jar, the four-holed vessel—Nourishment, the honeyed Cow—for welfare; the strength that gladdens, Aditi among the peoples. O Agni, harm thou not in the highest heaven.

Translation

เขาทั้งหลายรีดจากถัง จากหม้อ จากภาชนะสี่รู—เพื่อความสวัสดี รีด ‘อิฑา’ (iḍā) โคผู้เป็นโภชนาการ อันเต็มด้วยน้ำผึ้ง; และรีดพลังอันทำให้ชื่นบาน—อทิติ (Aditi) ท่ามกลางหมู่ชน โอ อัคนี (Agni) ในเวหาสอันสูงสุดนั้น ขออย่าได้ทำร้าย

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Word by Word

• कोशम्: treasure-vessel; store; receptacle
• कोशम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोश (प्रातिपदिक)

• दुहन्ति: they milk; they draw out
• दुहन्ति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दुह् (दोहने)

• कलशम्: jar; pot
• कलशम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलश (प्रातिपदिक)

• चतुःबिलम्: four-holed (vessel/strainer); having four apertures
• चतुःबिलम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun
• Root: चतुःबिल (प्रातिपदिक; चतुर् + बिल)

• इडाम्: Iḍā (sacrificial refreshment/oblation); nourishment
• इडाम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: इडा (प्रातिपदिक)

• धेनुम्: milch-cow; yielding one
• धेनुम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• मधुमतीम्: honeyed; full of sweetness
• मधुमतीम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुमत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वस्तये: for well-being; for welfare
• स्वस्तये: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वस्ति (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऊर्जम्: strength; vigor; nourishment
• ऊर्जम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊर्ज्/ऊर्जा (प्रातिपदिक)

• मदन्तीम्: exhilarating; gladdening
• मदन्तीम्: कर्म
• Type: Participle (Adjective) / Kṛdanta
• Root: √मद् (हर्षे/मदे) → मदन्ती (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• अदितिम्: Aditi (the boundless mother-goddess)
• अदितिम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun (Deity)
• Root: अदिति (प्रातिपदिक)

• जनेषु: among people; in the tribes
• जनेषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (Deity)
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• मा: do not
• मा: (क्रिया-निषेधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध-अव्यय)

• हिंसीः: harm (you)!
• हिंसीः: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हिंस् (हिंसायाम्)

• परमे: in the highest; supreme
• परमे: अधिकरण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्योमन्: in the sky; in the expanse
• व्योमन्: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्योमन् (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Hymn-level attribution per anukramaṇī (Atharvanic funerary tradition).

Devata: Agni (with Iḍā/Aditi as abundance powers).

Chandas: Mixed; first line longer (jagatī-like), second line shorter; requires editional metrical analysis.

Mantra Rasa

Primary: shanta

Secondary: adbhuta