Atharva Veda 12.3.8: Kanda 12, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 3, Mantra 8

Sukta 3

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

दक्षि॑णां॒ दिश॑म॒भि नक्ष॑माणौ प॒र्याव॑र्तेथाम॒भि पात्र॑मे॒तत्। तस्मि॑न् वां य॒मः पि॒तृभिः॑ संविदा॒नः प॒क्वाय॒ शर्म॑ बहु॒लं नि य॑च्छात्

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 12.3.8

IAST Transliteration

dákṣiṇā́m díśam abhí nákṣamāṇau paryā́varteथām abhí pā́tram etát | tásmin vāṃ yamáḥ pitṛ́bhiḥ saṃvidānáḥ pakvā́ya śárma bahuláṃ ní yacchāt ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Seeking the southern quarter, turn ye about, encompassing this vessel. Therein may Yama, in concord with the Fathers, bestow for the cooked oblation abundant shelter and sure protection.

Translation

จงมุ่งสู่ทิศใต้ แล้วเวียนกลับโอบล้อมภาชนะนี้โดยรอบ. ในภาชนะนั้น ขอให้ยมะ (Yama) ผู้ประสานพร้อมกับบรรพชน (Pitṛ) ประทานที่พึ่งอันไพบูลย์และความคุ้มครองอันมั่นคง แก่เครื่องบูชาที่สุกแล้ว (pakvā).

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Word by Word

• दक्षिणाम्: the southern (direction)
• दक्षिणाम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिणा (प्रातिपदिक)

• दिशम्: direction
• दिशम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक: दिशा)

• अभि: towards, unto
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• नक्षमाणौ: (you) two approaching / reaching
• नक्षमाणौ: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: नक्ष् (धातु; ‘प्राप्नु/गच्छ’), शतृ-प्रत्यय

• परि: around
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि

• आवर्तेथाम्: you two turn/return
• आवर्तेथाम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत् (धातु) + आ (उपसर्ग)

• अभि: towards
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• पात्रम्: vessel, bowl
• पात्रम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: पात्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: विशेषणम् (कर्मणः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• तस्मिन्: in that (therein)
• तस्मिन्: अधिकरण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वाम्: of you two / for you two
• वाम्: सम्बन्ध (अधिकार/सम्प्रदान-सम्भाव्य)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• यमः: Yama
• यमः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)

• पितृभिः: with the Fathers (ancestors)
• पितृभिः: सह/करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• संविदानः: having conferred/being in agreement
• संविदानः: कर्तृ (यमस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: विद् (धातु) + सम् (उपसर्ग), क्त-प्रत्यय (आत्मनेपदी प्रयोग)

• पक्वाय: to the ripe/fully-prepared one
• पक्वाय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पक्व (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• शर्म: shelter, protection, comfort
• शर्म: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• बहुलम्: abundant, ample
• बहुलम्: विशेषणम् (कर्मणः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहुल (प्रातिपदिक)

• नि: down, into; firmly
• नि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि

• यच्छात्: may he grant/assign/secure
• यच्छात्: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: यम् (धातु; ‘नियच्छ/धारय’) + नि (उपसर्ग)

Attribution

Rishi: Traditionally connected with Pitṛ/Śrāddha liturgy in AV 12.3 (Ancestral complex; specific r̥ṣi attributions vary by anukramaṇī tradition).

Devata: Yama with the Pitṛs (ancestral collective).

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī-like cadence (AV 12.3 shows mixed meters; this verse is not strict anuṣṭubh).

Mantra Rasa

Primary: shanta

Secondary: karuna