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Sutra 8

यदि वा मन्येत शैलवननदीदुर्गमटवीव्यवहितं छिन्नधान्यपुरुषवीवधासारमयवसेन्धनोदकमविज्ञातं प्रकृष्टमन्यभावदेशीयं वा सैन्यव्यायामानामलब्धभौमं वा देशं परो यास्यति विपरीतमहमित्येतस्मिन्विशेषे परिपणितदेशं संधिमुपेयात् ॥ कZ_०७.६.०८ ॥

yadi vā manyeta śailavananadīdurgamaṭavīvyavahitaṃ chinnadhānyapuruṣavīvadhāsāramayavasendhanodakam avijñātaṃ prakṛṣṭam anyabhāvadeśīyaṃ vā sainyavyāyāmānām alabdhabhaumaṃ vā deśaṃ paro yāsyati viparītam aham ity etasmin viśeṣe paripaṇitadeśaṃ saṃdhim upeyāt

หรือหากเขาเห็นว่าอีกฝ่ายจะต้องไปยังดินแดนที่ถูกกีดขวางด้วยภูเขา ป่า แม่น้ำ ป้อม และถิ่นทุรกันดาร; ที่เสบียงธัญญาหารและกำลังคนถูกตัดขาด; ที่ขาดแคลนหญ้าเลี้ยงสัตว์ เชื้อเพลิง และน้ำ; ที่ไม่คุ้นเคย ยากลำบากเป็นพิเศษ หรือมีลักษณะต่างถิ่น; หรือเป็นดินแดนที่ไม่เอื้อต่อการฝึกซ้อมกองทัพ—ขณะที่ตนเองไปยังดินแดนตรงกันข้าม (ที่เอื้อประโยชน์กว่า)—เมื่อมีความได้เปรียบเช่นนี้ ก็ควรเข้าทำสนธิสัญญาแบบกำหนดตามดินแดน۔

यदिif
यदि:
TypeParticle
Rootयद्
Formavyaya (conditional)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formavyaya (disjunctive)
मन्येत(he) should think / suppose
मन्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
Formoptative, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada? (classical usage: ātmanepada मन्यते; here optative ‘man-yeta’ = 3sg ātmanepada)
शैल-वन-नदी-दुर्ग-मटवी-व्यवहितम्separated/blocked off by mountains, forests, rivers, forts, and wilderness
शैल-वन-नदी-दुर्ग-मटवी-व्यवहितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यवहित
Formneuter nominative/accusative singular; agrees with देशम्
छिन्न-धान्य-पुरुष-वीवध-असारम्having its grain cut off and its men slain; lacking substance/strength
छिन्न-धान्य-पुरुष-वीवध-असारम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअसार
Formneuter nominative/accusative singular; agrees with देशम्
यव-सेन्धन-उदकम्(lacking) barley, fuel, and water / with barley-fuel-water (as resources)
यव-सेन्धन-उदकम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउदक
Formneuter nominative/accusative singular; agrees with देशम्
अविज्ञातम्unknown / not well ascertained
अविज्ञातम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअविज्ञात
Formneuter nominative/accusative singular; agrees with देशम्
प्रकृष्टम्excellent / superior
प्रकृष्टम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकृष्ट
Formneuter nominative/accusative singular; agrees with देशम्
अन्य-भाव-देशीयम्belonging to another condition/party/region; of a different allegiance
अन्य-भाव-देशीयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदेशीय
Formneuter nominative/accusative singular; agrees with देशम्
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formavyaya (disjunctive)
सैन्य-व्यायामानाम्of army exercises / of military training
सैन्य-व्यायामानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यायाम
Formgenitive plural; ‘of (military) exercises/drills’
अलब्ध-भौमम्not providing (suitable) ground/terrain; not affording a base
अलब्ध-भौमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअलब्धभौम
Formneuter nominative/accusative singular; agrees with देशम्
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formavyaya (disjunctive)
देशम्a territory / region
देशम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
Formaccusative singular masculine; object of यास्यति / (also of उपेयात् as ‘towards the stipulated territory’)
परःthe other (party), the enemy
परः:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootपर
Formnominative singular masculine; subject of यास्यति
यास्यतिwill go / will proceed
यास्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
Formsimple future, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada
विपरीतम्the opposite / contrariwise
विपरीतम्:
TypeAdjective (used adverbially)
Rootविपरीत
Formneuter accusative singular used as adverbial complement (‘contrarily’)
अहम्I
अहम्:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formnominative singular; speaker/king as subject (elliptic with implied verb)
इतिthus
इति:
TypeParticle
Rootइति
Formquotative indeclinable
एतस्मिन्in this
एतस्मिन्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formlocative singular neuter/masculine; ‘in this’
विशेषेin the special case / in this distinction
विशेषे:
TypeNoun
Rootविशेष
Formlocative singular masculine; ‘in the particular case/distinction’
परिपणित-देशम्the territory stipulated (in the bargain/terms)
परिपणित-देशम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिपणित
Formaccusative singular masculine; qualifies देशम् (object of उपेयात्)
सन्धिम्a treaty / peace / alliance-compact
सन्धिम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसन्धि
Formaccusative singular masculine; object of उपेयात्
उपेयात्should enter into / should adopt
उपेयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-इ (उपयाति/उपेयात्)
Formoptative, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada; injunctive advice
A
ally/partner (paraḥ)
A
army (sainya)

FAQs

Use a ‘division of theaters’ treaty to shift the harsher terrain and supply constraints onto the partner, while securing the favorable theater for oneself.

Because campaign viability depends on logistics; controlling or avoiding scarcity is as decisive as battlefield strength.