Rig Veda 6.44.21: Mandala 6, Sukta 44, Mantra 21

Sukta 6.44

Rishi: Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya (traditional ascription for Maṇḍala 6)

Devata: Soma (Indu), with Indra-soma resonance; the verse praises Soma as the bull-power pervading heaven/earth

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 6.44; requires metrical verification at pada-level)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वृषासि दिवो वृषभः पृथिव्या वृषा सिन्धूनां वृषभः स्तियानाम् । वृष्णे त इन्दुर्वृषभ पीपाय स्वादू रसो मधुपेयो वराय ॥

Transliteration

vṛ́ṣāsi divó vṛ́ṣabhaḥ pṛthivyā́ vṛ́ṣā síndhūnāṃ vṛ́ṣabhaḥ stiyā́nām | vṛ́ṣṇe te índur vṛṣabha pīpāya svādú rásaḥ madhu-péyo várāya ||

Translation

నీవు ద్యౌలోకపు వృషా (వృష-బలం), పృథివీ యొక్క వృషభుడు; నీవు సింధువుల (నదీప్రవాహాల) వృషా, స్థిర ప్రతిష్ఠానాల వృషభ-ప్రభువు. హే వృషభ-శక్తీ! నీకోసం ఇందు (సోమబిందువు) ఉప్పొంగి పరిపుష్టమవుతుంది—రసం మధురం; అది మధుపేయం, పరమాన్ని వరిచేవారికి।

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Word by Word

• वृषा: bull; mighty one
• वृषा: Kartā (predicate-nominative with असि)
• Type: Noun (used adjectivally)
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृष् (वर्षणे/सेचने)

• असि: you are
• असि: (copula) links subject and predicate
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू)

• दिवः: of heaven
• दिवः: Adhikaraṇa/Genitive relation (of heaven)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृषभः: bull
• वृषभः: Kartā (predicate-nominative; apposition to वृषा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृष्

• पृथिव्याः: of the earth
• पृथिव्याः: Adhikaraṇa/Genitive relation (of earth)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृषा: bull; mighty one
• वृषा: Kartā (predicate-nominative; implied ‘असि’)
• Type: Noun (used adjectivally)
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृष्

• सिन्धूनाम्: of the rivers
• सिन्धूनाम्: Adhikaraṇa/Genitive relation (of the rivers)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृषभः: bull
• वृषभः: Kartā (predicate-nominative; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृष्

• स्तियानाम्: of the streams/flowing waters
• स्तियानाम्: Adhikaraṇa/Genitive relation (of the flowing waters)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तिया (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic, ‘waters/streams’)

• वृष्णे: for the bull (mighty one)
• वृष्णे: Sampradāna (for/to the bull/mighty one)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृष्

• ते: your
• ते: Genitive relation (your)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम)

• इन्दुः: Soma-drop; Soma
• इन्दुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्दु (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृषभ: O bull!
• वृषभ: Address (sambodhana)
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• पीपाय: has drunk deeply; has drunk again and again
• पीपाय: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा (पाने/पिबति) — Vedic intensive/causative-like perfect form

• स्वादू: sweet
• स्वादू: Viśeṣaṇa (of रसः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वादु (प्रातिपदिक)

• रसः: juice; essence
• रसः: Kartā (appositional/identificatory with इन्दुः; ‘the sweet juice’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रस (प्रातिपदिक)

• मधुपेयः: honey-drinkable; fit to be drunk as honey
• मधुपेयः: Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: मधु-पेय (समास: मधु + पेय) < √पा

• वराय: for the excellent one / for a boon
• वराय: Sampradāna (for the choice/excellent one; for boon/for the best)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: वर (प्रातिपदिक)