Shloka 30

पञ्चाशत्तमः सर्गः (Sarga 53)

Rāma’s Lament, Vigil for Sītā, and Lakṣmaṇa’s Consolation

Devanagari script

नैतदौपयिकं राम यदिदं परितप्यते।विषादयसि सीतां च मां चैव पुरुषर्षभ।।।।

Transliteration

naitad aupayikaṃ rāma yad idaṃ paritapyate | viṣādayasi sītāṃ ca māṃ caiva puruṣarṣabha ||

Translation

హే రామా, ఈ విధంగా దుఃఖపడటం నీకు తగదు। హే పురుషశ్రేష్ఠా, ఇలా విలపిస్తూ నీవు సీతను కూడా నన్ను కూడా విషాదంలో ముంచుతున్నావు।

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation)

• etat: this
• etat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; subject of (asti) implied

• aupayikam: proper/appropriate
• aupayikam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aupayika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; predicate adjective of etat

• rāma: O Rama
• rāma: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• yat: that/which
• yat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सम्बन्धबोधक यत् (relative pronoun used as clause-linker); here neuter nominative/accusative singular introducing clause

• idam: this
• idam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; subject of paritapyate

• paritapyate: is being lamented/grieved over
• paritapyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-√tap (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; passive/mediopassive sense ‘is being tormented/you grieve’

• viṣādayasi: you sadden/dishearten
• viṣādayasi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√ṣad (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन

• sītām: Sita
• sītām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sītā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• eva: also/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), emphasis

• puruṣarṣabha: O best of men
• puruṣarṣabha: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa-ṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (man + bull = best of men)

Context

This is not the way you should lament, O Rama. O foremost of men, by doing so you are disheartening me and Sita as well.

Characters & Entities

• Lakshmana
• Rama
• Sita

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes steadiness (dhairya): a leader’s grief affects dependents; therefore one must practice emotional discipline for others’ welfare.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa responds to Rāma’s sorrow in exile, urging him to stop lamenting because it burdens Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Frank, loyal counsel—Lakṣmaṇa’s courage to correct Rāma for the sake of dharma.