वेदानुवचनं ज्ञात्वा ब्रह्मचर्य तपो दमः । श्रद्धोपवासः स्वातंत्र्यमात्मनोज्ञानहेतवः
vedānuvacanaṃ jñātvā brahmacarya tapo damaḥ | śraddhopavāsaḥ svātaṃtryamātmanojñānahetavaḥ
வேத அனுசரணத்தின் அறிவு, பிரம்மச்சரியம், தவம், தமம்; நம்பிக்கையுடன் நோன்பு மற்றும் உள்ளார்ந்த சுதந்திரம்—இவையே ஆத்மஞானத்தின் காரணங்கள்.
Skanda
Tirtha: Kāśī
Type: kshetra
Scene: A disciplined seeker in Kāśī: dawn Veda-recitation, midday restraint and service, evening meditation; symbols of fasting (simple meal), prayer beads, and a quiet inner radiance.
Ātma-jñāna arises from disciplined practice: Vedic study, celibacy, austerity, restraint, faith, fasting, and inner freedom.
Kāśī is the implied setting where such disciplines are especially lauded as direct supports for liberation.
Upavāsa (fasting) and veda-anuvacana (Vedic recitation/learning) are explicitly mentioned, alongside brahmacarya, tapas, and dama.