HomeRamayanaBala KandaSarga 21Shloka 3
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Shloka 3

बालकाण्डे एकविंशः सर्गः

Daśaratha’s Promise, Vasiṣṭha’s Counsel, and Viśvāmitra’s Weapon-Lore

यदीदं ते क्षमं राजन् गमिष्यामि यथाऽगतम्।मिथ्याप्रतिज्ञ: काकुत्स्थ सुखीभव सबान्धव:।।।।

yad idaṃ te kṣamaṃ rājan gamiṣyāmi yathāgatam |

mithyā-pratijñaḥ kākutstha sukhī bhava sabāndhavaḥ ||

அரசே, இது உமக்கு ஏற்றதாக இருந்தால், நான் வந்தபடியே திரும்பிச் செல்வேன். காகுத்ஸ்தரே! உமது பிரதிஞ்ஞையைப் பொய்யாக்கி, உறவினருடன் கூடி நலமுடன் இருங்கள்॥

yadiif
yadi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/condition)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadi (अव्यय)
FormConditional particle (शर्त-अव्यय)
idamthis
idam:
Karta (कर्ता; subject of kṣamam)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
teto you
te:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/to you)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormDative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; enclitic form
kṣamamacceptable / proper
kṣamam:
Visheshana (विशेषण/predicate qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate adjective with idam
rājanO king
rājan:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/address)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular
gamiṣyāmiI shall go
gamiṣyāmi:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√gam (धातु)
FormFuture (लृट्), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular; parasmaipada
yathā-āgatamas I came / back the way I came
yathā-āgatam:
Kala/Desha (क्रम/रीति)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय) + āgata (कृदन्त; √gam क्त)
FormAvyayībhāva compound functioning adverbially; indeclinable sense: 'as (I) came'
mithyā-pratijñaḥfalse to (your) promise
mithyā-pratijñaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण; addressing/qualifying)
TypeAdjective
Rootmithyā (अव्यय) + pratijña (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; कर्मधारयः: 'false (as) a promiser'
kākutsthaO Kākutstha
kākutstha:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/address)
TypeNoun
Rootkākutstha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular
sukhī-bhavabe happy
sukhī-bhava:
Kriya (क्रिया/command)
TypeVerb
Rootsukhī (प्रातिपदिक) + √bhū (धातु)
FormImperative (लोट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular; parasmaipada; denominative-style predicate 'be happy'
sa-bāndhavaḥtogether with (your) relatives
sa-bāndhavaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण; qualifier of implied 'tvam')
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (अव्यय/उपसर्ग) + bāndhava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; सह-तत्पुरुषः (बान्धवैः सह)

Such is the prowess of Viswamitra who is a highly effulgent and highly renowned sage. O King! in sending Rama, you need not entertain any doubt.

V
Viśvāmitra
D
Daśaratha
K
Kakutstha (Ikṣvāku lineage)

FAQs

A vow must not be emptied of truth. The verse underscores that social and royal dharma collapse when a spoken commitment is treated as optional.

Viśvāmitra, offended by Daśaratha’s wavering, declares he will leave, explicitly calling the king ‘false to his promise.’

Accountability to one’s word—especially for rulers whose promises function as public guarantees.