Shloka 67

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

ओषध्यः फलपाकान्ता गणाः सप्तदशाः स्मृताः ।

व्रीहयश्च यवाश्चैव गोधूमा अणवस्तिलाः ॥

Transliteration

oṣadhyaḥ phalapākāntā gaṇāḥ saptadaśā smṛtāḥ | vrīhayaś ca yavāś caiva godhūmā aṇavas tilāḥ ||

Translation

கனி பழுத்து நிறைவு பெறும் மருந்துத் தாவரங்களும் பயிரிடப்படும் தாவரங்களும் பதினேழு வகுப்புகளாகச் சொல்லப்படுகின்றன. அவற்றில் நெல், யவம், கோதுமை, அணு-தானியம், எள் ஆகியவை அடங்கும்.

Word by Word

• oṣadhyaḥ: medicinal plants / crops
• oṣadhyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: oṣadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• phalapāka-antāḥ: ending with fruit-ripening (i.e., fruit-bearing)
• phalapāka-antāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: phala (प्रातिपदिक) + pāka (प्रातिपदिक) + anta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—‘फलपाकः’ (fruit-ripening) यस्य अन्तः (end/limit)

• gaṇāḥ: groups/classes
• gaṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• saptadaśāḥ: seventeen (in number)
• saptadaśāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saptadaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); द्विगु-समासः (numeral compound)

• smṛtāḥ: are remembered/are stated
• smṛtāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: smṛ (धातु) + ta (क्त, क्तप्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); passive sense ‘are considered/are said’

• vrīhayaḥ: rice (paddy)
• vrīhayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vrīhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• yavāḥ: barley
• yavāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• eva: indeed/also
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/emphatic (निपात)

• godhūmāḥ: wheat
• godhūmāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: godhūma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• aṇavaḥ: aṇu-grain (a kind of millet/pulse)
• aṇavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tilāḥ: sesame
• tilāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

Speakers

• Not specified in input (contextual narrator within Markandeya Purana discourse)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Cosmology (ordering of created kinds)
• Agriculture (vārttā)
• Classification (gaṇa)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Human life is supported by ordered categories of food-crops; recognizing their classification reflects a dharmic worldview where sustenance (anna) is part of cosmic order and social stability.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Sarga (enumeration within creation/manifest order) and indirectly Manvantara/ācāra when tied to human livelihood (vārttā) and social regulation.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Fruit-ripening completion’ hints at cyclical time and maturation: beings and societies flourish when processes reach their proper end (pāka), mirroring ṛta (cosmic rightness).