Rig Veda 5.45.5: Mandala 5, Sukta 45, Mantra 5
Sukta 5.45
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (attributed for RV 5.45 as a whole; verse-level attribution follows hymn attribution)
Devata: Primarily Indra (with Angiras/Saramā ‘cows of light’ mythic horizon in adjacent verses); here the addressed power is the forward-leading divine force that clears misfortune and hatred
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 5.45; verse-level metrical confirmation recommended against a pada-count scanner)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
एतो न्वद्य सुध्यो भवाम प्र दुच्छुना मिनवामा वरीयः । आरे द्वेषांसि सनुतर्दधामायाम प्राञ्चो यजमानमच्छ ॥
Transliteration
éto nvádyá su-dhyò bhávāma prá ducchúnā minavāmā várīyaḥ | āré dvéṣāṃsi sanutár dadhāmāyā́ma prā́ñco yájamānam áccha ||
Translation
एतो न्वद्य वयं सुधियो भवेम; दुच्छुनां निरस्य वरीयो मार्गं प्र विस्तरेम। द्वेषांसि च दूरं सनुतर्दधाम; यजमानमभि प्राञ्चो भूत्वा तमच्छ गच्छेम।
Word by Word
एतःhither/now, then
एतः:
Adhikaraṇa (temporal/deictic setting)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइ (ए ‘गमन’) / एतद् (प्रातिपदिक) — here as deictic adverbial form
नुindeed, now
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
अद्यtoday, now
अद्य:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
सुध्यःof good insight; wise
सुध्यः:
Kartā (predicate-nominative with ‘भवाम’)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootसुधी (सु-धी) (प्रातिपदिक)
भवामlet us two be / may we two become
भवाम:
Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
TypeVerb
Rootभू
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootप्र
दुच्छुनाwith ill-luck; with harmfulness
दुच्छुना:
Karaṇa (instrumental: ‘by/with ill-luck’ → ‘harmfully’)
TypeNoun
Rootदुच्छुना (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ill-omen/ill-luck, harm’)
मिनवामाlet us two diminish/drive away
मिनवामा:
Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
TypeVerb
Rootमि / मी (मिनोति ‘to diminish, injure, damage’)
वरीयःthe better (state/thing)
वरीयः:
Karma (object of ‘मिनवामा’ as ‘(choose/secure) the better’ / ‘(make) better’)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootवरि/वर (comparative stem वरीयस् ‘better, more excellent’)
आरेfar away
आरे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआरे
द्वेषांसिhatreds, hostilities
द्वेषांसि:
Karma (object of ‘दधाम’)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
सनुतर्farther away
सनुतर्:
Adhikaraṇa (directional)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसनुतर् (comparative adverb from सनु ‘from of old/away’)
दधामlet us two place/set
दधाम:
Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (दधाति ‘to place, set’)
आयामlet us two come/go
आयाम:
Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
TypeVerb
Rootआ + या (याति ‘to go, come’)
प्राञ्चःfacing forward; advancing
प्राञ्चः:
Kartā (of implied motion/approach with ‘आयाम’)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootप्राञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘turned forward, facing toward’)
यजमानम्the sacrificer
यजमानम्:
Karma (goal/object of approach)
TypeNoun
Rootयजमान (प्रातिपदिक)
अच्छtowards
अच्छ:
Adhikaraṇa (direction/goal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअच्छ
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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